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No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.
Notes
1. Special-Order No. 15 was later overturned by President Andrew Johnson.
2. In 1870 only 1.8% of the state’s black farmers owned land, but by 1890, 26% of them did. Black Texas landownership peaked at 31% by the early 1900’s (Sitton & Conrad, Citation2005).
3. Acres Homes had its own school district, an organized volunteer fire department, and a black-owned bus company, and was not annexed by Houston until 1974, when it first received municipal water and sewer services. Today, the bus company, fire department, and independent schools have disappeared. Sunnyside, the oldest African American community in south Houston, first platted in 1912; by the 1940s area, residents had a water district and a volunteer fire department. The community also paved the roads and constructed a civic building for meetings. Sunnyside was annexed by the city of Houston in 1956.
4. The only historically Black college and university in the state.
5. Black Community Development was first coined by William Harris Sr. from his book “African-American Community Development: A Plan for Self-Determination”.
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Notes on contributors
Tiffany D. Thomas
Tiffany D. Thomas is program coordinator and assistant professor of community development at Prairie View A&M University. Her work centers on campus-community relationships to preserve historically Black neighborhood and spaces in and out of the classroom. She teaches Introduction to Community Development, Community Research, Community Development Politics and Grant Writing.