The experiential nature of dysphoria: formulating a new conceptual framework following a qualitative study exploring the lives of seven young trans men

Abstract

Background

‘Gender dysphoria’ is commonly used to describe feelings of psychological discomfort, unease, anxiety, or distress in trans individuals. Whilst the past decade has shown a significant rise in research on the experiences of trans individuals in society, the amount of literature dedicated to the experiences of trans men has been much more limited, and particularly research focused on the experiences of young trans men. As such, the range and scope of dysphoric experiences will not have been fully captured and there will be gaps in both general and clinical understanding and conceptualization.

Aims

To provide a deeper insight into the dysphoric experiences of young trans men, and to use this insight, in conjunction with the wider body of literature, to formulate an original framework to conceptualize the experiential nature of dysphoria.

Method

Semi-structured interviews were carried out with seven white British trans men aged 18–29 living in England and Wales. Data was analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s (2020) six stage reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Several themes were drawn out of the data which underpinned the creation of a new conceptual framework for the experiential nature of dysphoria: the psychological nature of dysphoria which focuses on issues such as the notion of identity and desire to ‘pass’; the corporeal nature of dysphoria which focuses on the techniques and methods used to modify physical appearance; and the structural nature of dysphoria which outlines the way that societal structures influence and affect dysphoria through waiting times and financial costs.

Conclusion

As well as providing a deeper insight of the dysphoric experiences of young trans men, its significance lies in a new conceptual framework that can aid future studies and understanding.

Keywords:

• Dysphoria
• FtM
• trans
• transgender
• trans gender

Disclosure statement

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The authors confirm that there are no relevant financial or non-financial competing interests to report in the creation of this article.

Notes

1 N.B. the authors recognise this is an offensive term for those of short stature but wished to retain the participant’s voice.

Additional information

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.