Longitudinal Predictors of Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children with Down Syndrome

ABSTRACT

This study examined longitudinal predictors of neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with Down syndrome (DS). Participants were assessed at Wave 1 during infancy on measures of looking behavior and caregivers provided infant sensory ratings. At Wave 2, child-age participants completed a developmental assessment and caregivers provided ratings of executive function, ADHD symptoms, and autism symptoms. Longer looking durations and greater sensory dysregulation during infancy were predictive of higher ADHD symptom ratings and other neurodevelopmental outcomes during childhood. The findings suggest that early indicators of neurodevelopmental dysregulation may be detectable during infancy in DS.

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank all of the participants and family members who participated in this study.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Correction Statement

This article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.

Additional information

Funding

Research reported in this article was supported by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development of the National Institutes of Health under award number 1 R21 HD101000-01, and from the National Institute of Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research under award #90IF0096-01-00.