Distribution of Pharmacogene Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Brazilian Psychiatric Patients

Abstract

Purpose: This work was designed to identify the pharmacogenetic profile of Brazilian psychiatric patients receiving psychoactive drug treatment according to ethnicity. Methods: Based on the GnTech^® database, this cross-sectional study analyzed data from self-reported sociodemographic and genetic results from the next-generation sequencing panel composed of 26 pharmacogenes from 359 psychotropic drug users. Results: Variant frequencies of multiple pharmacogenes presented differences between ethnicities (CYP3A5, CYP2D6, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP3A4, UGT1A4, UGT2B15, ABCB1 rs1045642, ADRA2A rs1800544, COMT rs4680, GRIK4 rs1954787, GSK3B rs334558, GSK3B rs6438552, HTR1A rs6295, HTR2A rs7997012, HTR2C rs1414334, MTHFR rs1801131, OPRM1 rs1799971 and 5-HTTLPR), endorsing the necessity of individual-level analyses in drug treatment. Conclusion: A discussion of pharmacogenomic test implementation in psychiatric clinical practice is needed to improve treatment choices, especially in Brazil, a multiethnic country.

Keywords::

• ethnicity
• genetic frequencies
• haplotype
• mental disorders
• pharmacogenomic test
• single-nucleotide variants

Supplementary data

To view the supplementary data that accompany this paper please visit the journal website at: www.tandfonline.com/doi/suppl/10.2217/pgs-2023-0075

Author contributions

GB May, BR de Souza, GW Hoss, SR Mostardeiro and PPB May were responsible for the study design; EC Mateo and GW Hoss coordinated the study. BR de Souza and SR Mostardeiro collected the data; BY Gueuvoghlanian-Silva, EC dos Reis, BR de Souza, GW Hoss and GB May analyzed the data; BY Gueuvoghlanian-Silva, BR de Souza, EC Mateo and GW Hoss wrote the manuscript; BY Gueuvoghlanian-Silva, GG V, EC Mateo and GW Hoss were responsible for discussing the results. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

Financial disclosure

The authors have no financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

Competing interests disclosure

BR de Souza, GW Hoss, EC dos Reis, PPB May, GB May and EC Mateo declare that they are employed or associated with GnTech EXAMES S/A. The authors have no other competing interests or relevant affiliations with any organization or entity with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

Writing disclosure

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Ethical disclosure

The authors state that they have obtained appropriate institutional review board approval or have followed the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki for all human investigations. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (UNISUL), no. 2.482.003 (02/01/2018). Since this was a retrospective study and the exemption of informed consent does not harm the patients’ health, the Research Ethics Committee of Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina waived informed consent.

Data sharing statement

The datasets generated for this study can be found in the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) data https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/PRJNA765372.