Has Long-Standing Uncertainty About the Clinical Efficacy of TENS Finally Been Resolved?

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Financial & competing interests disclosure

In the previous 5 years, MI Johnson’s employer has received income for expert consultancy activities from GlaxoSmithKline, TENSCare, and LifeCare Ltd. that lie outside of the submitted work. MI Johnson declares book royalties from Oxford University Press. All other authors declare no conflicts of interests. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript

Edboard disclosure

MI Johnson is a member of the Pain Management Editorial Board. They were not involved in any editorial decisions related to the publication of this article, and all author details were blinded to the article’s peer reviewers as per the journal’s double-blind peer review policy.

Additional information

Funding

In the previous 5 years, MI Johnson’s employer has received income for expert consultancy activities from GlaxoSmithKline, TENSCare, and LifeCare Ltd. that lie outside of the submitted work. MI Johnson declares book royalties from Oxford University Press. All other authors declare no conflicts of interests. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript