Nalbuphine added to intrathecal morphine in total knee arthroplasty; effect on postoperative analgesic requirements and morphine related side effects

Available online 2 March 2012

Peer review under responsibility of Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine.

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic data of the studied sample.

	Group A	Group B	P
Age (years)
Range	59–72	60–74
Mean ± S.D.	61.9 ± 10.3	62.1 ± 12.9	0.428
Gender
Male	9 (30.0%)	11 (36.7%)	0.25
Female	21 (70.0%)	19 (63.3%)
Duration of operation (h)	2.0–3.5	2.0–3.25
Range	2.95	2.58	0.366
Mean ± S.D.	0.82	0.76

Table 2 Comparison between the two studied groups regarding time to 1st analgesia (hr) and total consumption of ketorolac (mg).

	Group A	Group B	P
	N = 30	N = 30
Time to 1st analgesia (hr)
Range	13.5–19	13.5–18.2
Mean ± S.D.	16.17 ± 1.66	16.39 ± 1.37	0.286
Total ketorolac (mg)
Range	0–60	0–60	0.122
Mean ± S.D.	19.00 ± 24.26	12.00 ± 21.72

Table 3 Comparison between the two studied groups regarding complications.

	Group A		Group B		P
	N = 30		N = 30
	No.	%	No.	%
Nausea & vomiting
0	14	46.7	22	73.3	0.018^*
1	10	33.3	8	26.7
2	6	20.0	0	0.0
Itching
Yes	15	50.0	7	23.3
No	15	50.0	23	76.7	0.032^*
Urinary retention
Yes	9	30.0	5	16.7	0.22
No	21	70.0	25	83.3

Nausea and vomiting: 0 = no nausea and vomiting, 1 = mild to moderate nausea or vomiting not needing treatment, 2 = severe nausea or vomiting needing treatment.

* P is significant.