Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of methanolic extract of Justicia secunda Vahl leaf

Peer review under responsibility of Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine.

Available online 1 July 2016

Figures & data

Figure 1 DPPH free radical scavenging activities of J. secunda.

Figure 2 Ferric reducing antioxidant power of J. secunda.

Table 1 Effects of J. secunda on formalin induced paw edema.

Treatment (n = 6)	Mean increase in paw volume in ml ± SEM (% inhibition)
	1 h	2 h	3 h	24 h
Distilled water 10 ml/kg	0.57 ± 0.02 (–)	0.77 ± 0.069 (–)	0.77 ± 0.04 (–)	0.37 ± 0.029 (–)
Aspirin 0.2 g/kg	0.5 ± 0.05 (12)	0.67 ± 0.03^⁎ (12)	0.63 ± 0.04^⁎ (18)	0.37 ± 0.06 (0)
J. secunda 0.1 g/kg	0.67 ± 0.02 (−18)	0.67 ± 0.02^⁎ (12)	0.70 ± 0.00 (9)	0.30 ± 0.03 (18)
J. secunda 0.2 g/kg	0.67 ± 0.06 (18)	0.63 ± 0.04^⁎ (18)	0.67 ± 0.06 (12)	0.23 ± 0.04^⁎ (37)
J. secunda 0.4 g/kg	0.43 ± 0.04^⁎ (25)	0.50 ± 0.00^⁎ (35)	0.43 ± 0.03^⁎ (44)	0.27 ± 0.03 (27)

⁎ P < 0.05 when compared to negative control.

Table 2 Effect of J. secunda on carrageenan-induced paw edema.

Treatment (n = 6)	Mean increase in paw volume in ml ± SEM (% inhibition)
	1 h	2 h	3 h	24 h
Distilled water 10 ml/kg	0.50 ± 0.04 (–)	0.91 ± 0.04 (–)	1.03 ± 0.019 (–)	0.9 ± 0.01 (–)
Aspirin 0.2 g/kg	0.46 ± 0.03 (8)	0.70 ± 0.04^⁎ (23)	0.72 ± 0.02^⁎ (30)	0.51 ± 0.01^⁎ (43)
J. secunda 0.1 g/kg	0.42 ± 0.01 (16)	0.67 ± 0.06^⁎ (26)	0.68 ± 0.05^⁎ (33)	0.49 ± 0.02^⁎ (45)
J. secunda 0.2 g/kg	0.57 ± 0.02 (−14)	0.78 ± 0.02^⁎ (14)	0.86 ± 0.04^⁎ (17)	0.38 ± 0.03^⁎ (57)
J. secunda 0.4 g/kg	0.43 ± 0.04 (14)	0.85 ± 0.05 (7)	0.87 ± 0.04^⁎ (16)	0.35 ± 0.02^⁎ (61)

⁎ P < 0.05 when compared to negative control.

Table 3 Effects of J. secunda on tail flick test.

Treatment (n = 6)	Pain reaction time (s)	% increase
Distilled water 10 ml/kg	2.29 ± 0.17	–
Pentazocine 0.003 g/kg	3.32 ± 0.28^⁎	44.98
J. secunda 0.1 g/kg	2.54 ± 0.10	10.92
J. secunda 0.2 g/kg	2.50 ± 0.21	9.19
J. secunda 0.4 g/kg	2.88 ± 0.17^⁎	25.76

⁎ P < 0.05 when compared to negative control.

Table 4 Effect of J. secunda on acetic acid-induced writhing reflex.

Treatment (n = 6)	Number of writhing reflex	% inhibition
Distilled water 10 ml/kg	38.00 ± 0.60	–
Aspirin 0.2 g/kg	22.00 ± 0.27^⁎	42.11
J. secunda 0.1 g/kg	36.50 ± 0.42^⁎	3.95
J. secunda 0.2 g/kg	29.00 ± 0.71^⁎	23.68
J. secunda 0.4 g/kg	13.75 ± 0.31^⁎	63.81

⁎ P < 0.05 when compared to negative control.