Effect of metformin on Sirtuin-1 disorders associated with diabetes in male rats

Peer review under responsibility of Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine.

Available online 5 October 2017

Figures & data

Table 1 Primer sequences used for RT-PCR.

Primer	Sequence
Sirt1	Forward primer: 5-………………-3
	Reverse primer: 5-…………….-3
GAPDH	forward: 5′-CTCCCATTCTTCCACCTTTG-3′
	reverse: 5′-CTTGCTCTCAGTATCCTTGC-3′

Table 2 Changes of BMI%, fasting serum glucose (mmol/L), fasting serum insulin (µIU/L) levels and HOMA in all studied groups.

Parameter	GpI (control)	GpII (DM)	GpIII (metformin + DM)	GpIV (DM + metformin)
BMI%	263.05 ± 9.68	280.06 ± 19.8	249.92^* ± 14.64	267.95 ± 10.31
Glucose (mmol/L)	4.87 ± 0.18	12.81 ± 1.94	6.40^* ± 1.15	6.77^* ± 1.53
Insulin(µIU/L)	9.98 ± 1.24	17.88 ± 1.23	12.92^*^• ± 2.04	13.11^*^• ± 1.78
HOMA	2.16 ± 0.24	10.34 ± 2.17	3.75^* ± 1.26	4.04^* ± 1.52

Values are represented as mean ± SD.

N.B: control group results have been reused from our previous publication.18

* Significant change comparing corresponding values to GpII.

• Significant change comparing corresponding values to GpI.

Table 3 Changes of TG (mg/dl) and HDL (mg/dl) levels in all studied groups.

Parameter	Gp I (control)	Gp II (DM)	GpIII (metformin + DM)	GpIV (DM + metformin)
TG (mg/dl)	60.62 ± 12.54	102.18 ± 12.48	78.99^*^• ± 8.81	59.30^*^∞ ± 12.30
HDL (mg/dl)	50.52 ± 4.08	31.72 ± 1.65	39.50^*^• ± 5.07	44.38^* ± 7.46

Values are represented as mean ± SD.

* Significant change comparing corresponding values to GpII.

• Significant change comparing corresponding values to GpI.

∞ Significant change comparing corresponding values in GpIV versus GpIII.

Fig. 1 Changes of SIRT1 level (ng/dl) in liver in all studied groups.

Fig. 2 Changes of SIRT1 activity (ng/dl) in liver in all studied groups.

Table 4 Changes of SIRT1 level (ng/dl) and SIRT1 activity (ng/dl) in liver and pancreas in all studied groups.

Parameter	GpI (control)	GpII (DM)	GpIII (metformin + DM)	GpIV (DM + metformin)
SIRT1 level (liver)	2.17 ± 0.35	0.98 ± 0.22	1.48^* ± 0.41	1.74^* ± 0.33
SIRT1 activity (liver)	5.16 ± 1.28	2.28 ± 0.58	5.81^* ± 0.75	7.44^*^• ± 1.12
SIRT1 level (pancreas)	1.72 ± 0.55	0.70 ± 0.25	1.94^* ± 0.57	1.90^* ± 0.87
SIRT1 activity (pancreas)	8.24 ± 1.13	2.99 ± 1.13	7.04^* ± 1.85	6.73^* ± 1.80

Values are represented as mean ± SD.

N.B: control group results have been reused from our previous publication.18

^∞Significant change comparing corresponding values in GpIV versus GpIII

* Significant change comparing corresponding values to GpII.

• Significant change comparing corresponding values to GpI.

Fig. 3 Changes of SIRT1 level (ng/dl) in pancreas in all studied groups.

Fig. 4 Changes of SIRT1 activity (ng/dl) in pancreas in all studied groups.

Fig. 5 DNA fragmentation pattern in pancreas among all studied groups.