Role of urethral plate and fossa navicularis biopsies in the detection of balanitis xerotica obliterans in boys undergoing redo hypospadias repair

Peer review under responsibility of Arab Association of Urology.

Figures & data

Table 1 Patient presentation in association to clinical and pathological evidence of BXO.

Presentation	Patients, n (%)	Clinical evidence of BXO, n (%)	Pathologically BXO-positive samples, n (%)
Fistula	34 (21.7)	7 (21)	20 (6.4)
Meatal stenosis	44 (28)	18 (4)	40 (12.7)
Urethral stricture	28 (17.8)	7 (25)	22 (7)
Total dehiscence	50 (31.8)	15 (30)	42 (13.4)
Total	157 (100)	47 (30)	124 (39.5)

Fig. 1 H&E image showing epidermal atrophy and orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, showing basal cell vacuolisation, clefting of dermal-epithelial junction; dermis shows dense collagenisation and lymphocytic infiltrate (×200).

Fig. 2 H&E image showing atrophic epidermis with loss of rete ridges, dermal hyalinisation, thickened basement membrane and marked dermal collagenisation (×200).

Table 2 Patient presentation in relation to pathologically BXO-negative or BXO-positive fossa navicularis samples.

Presentation	Pathology of fossa navicularis samples, n (%)		P (chi-squared)
	BXO-negative	BXO-Positive
Fistula	26 (76.5)	8 (23.5)	0.038
Meatal stenosis	22 (48.9)	23 (51.1)
Urethral stricture	15 (53.6)	13 (46.4)
Total dehiscence	24 (48)	26 (52)
Total	87 (55.4)	70 (44.6)

P  ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Table 3 Patient presentation in relation to pathologically BXO-negative or BXO-positive urethral plate samples.

Presentation	Pathology of urethral plate samples, n (%)		P (chi-squared)
	BXO-negative	BXO-positive
Fistula	22 (64.7)	12 (35.3)	0.934
Meatal stenosis	28 (62.2)	17 (37.8)
Urethral stricture	19 (67.9)	9 (32.1)
Total dehiscence	34 (68)	16 (32)
Total	103 (65.6)	54 (34.4)

P  ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant.