Advances in sperm retrieval techniques in azoospermic men: A systematic review

Peer review under responsibility of Arab Association of Urology.

Figures & data

Fig. 1 PRISMA flow chart of literature search.

Table 1 Characteristics of the studies included in the review.

Reference	Design	Participants	Intervention	Outcome
Dabaja et al. 2012 [5]	Retrospective non-randomised	Men with NOA	micro-TESE	SRR, prognostic factors, complications
Deruyver et al. 2014 [7]	Meta-analysis	1062 men with NOA 7 studies	cTESE vs micro-TESE	SRR, correlation with histology and FSH
Bernie et al. 2015 [9]	Meta-analysis	1890 men with NOA 15 studies	micro-TESE vs cTESE vs TESA	SRR
Esteves 2015 [8]	Retrospective, review	Men with NOA	micro-TESE	Correlated with multiple parameters
Flannigan et al. 2017 [10]	Review	Men with NOA	micro-TESE	SRR correlated with histology, genetics, medical therapy

Table 2 Techniques for operative sperm retrieval.

Approach	Non-microsurgical	Microsurgical
Percutaneous	TESA/testicular FNA NAB/nTESE
Open	cTESE	SST mapping Micro-TESE