Update on the proteomics of male infertility: A systematic review

Peer review under responsibility of Arab Association of Urology.

Figures & data

Fig. 1 Flow diagram illustrating the study selection criteria.

Fig. 2 Flow diagram for the processing of semen samples using proteomic tools and bioinformatics analysis.

Table 1 Identification of DEPs involved in semen abnormalities using high-throughput techniques.

Condition	Sample	DEPs	References
Azoospermia	Seminal plasma	CLU, AZGP1, PAEP, APCS, NPC2, CRISP1 and SOD1	[29]
	Seminal plasma	STAB2, CP135, GNRP, PIP, NPC2	[30]
	Seminal plasma	LDHC, SPAG11B, MUC15, TEX101 and CEL	[31]
	Seminal plasma	COL6A2, GGT7, SORD, PGK2, LDHC, ZPBP2 and ELSPBP1	[79]
Asthenozoospermia	Spermatozoa	COX6B, HIST1H2BA and HSPA2	[35]
	Spermatozoa	COX6B and HSPA2	[34]
Oligoasthenozoospermia	Seminal plasma	TBCB, AACT and ALDR	[39]
	Seminal plasma	CST3, AZGP1, TIMP1, SEMG1, and KLK3	[41]

AACT, α1-antichymotrypsin; ALDR, aldose reductase; APCS, amyloid P component, serum; CEL, carboxyl ester lipase; CP135, centrosomal protein 135; COL6A2, collagen type VI α2 chain; COX6B, cytochrome C oxidase subunit 6B; ELSPBP1, epididymal sperm-binding protein 1; GGT7, γ-glutamyltransferase 7; GNRP, guanine nucleotide-releasing protein; HIST1H2BA, histone cluster 1 H2B family member A; LDHC, lactate dehydrogenase C; MUC15, mucin 15, cell surface associated; SORD, sorbitol dehydrogenase; SPAG11B, sperm-associated antigen 11B; STAB2, stabilin 2; TBCB, tubulin-folding cofactor B; TIMP1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1.

Table 2 Identification of DEPs involved in male reproductive disorders and dysfunction using high-throughput techniques.

Condition	Sample	DEPs	References
Varicocele	Spermatozoa	TEKT3 and TCP11	[48]
		HSPA2, ODF2, CCT6B	[49]
OS	Spermatozoa	HIST1H2BA, MDH2, TGM4, GPX4, GLUL, HSP90B1, HSPA5	[80]
	Spermatozoa	CLGN, TPPII, DNAI2, EEA1, HSPA4L, SERPINA5	[13]
	Seminal plasma	PIP, SEMG2, ACPP, CLU, AZGP1, KLK3, CST4, ALB, LTF, FN1, MIF, LGALS3BP	[41]
Mitochondrial dysfunction	Seminal plasma	ANXA7	[66]
	Spermatozoa	NDUFS1, UQCRC2, ACO2, NAD, IDH3B, OGDH	[49]

ACO2, aconitate hydratase; ALB, albumin; CCT6B, chaperonin containing t-complex protein 1 subunit 6; CLGN, calmegin; CST4, cystatin S-type 4; DNAI2, dynein axonemal intermediate chain 2; EEA1, early endosome antigen 1; GLUL, glutamate-ammonia ligase; GPX4, glutathione peroxidase 4; HSPA4L, HSP Family A (Hsp70) Member 4 Like; HSP90B1, HSP 90 β Family Member 1; IDH3B, isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD) subunit β; LTF, lactotransferrin; MDH2, malate dehydrogenase 2; NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NDUFS1, NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S1; OGDH, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase; SERPINA5, serpin family A member 5; TCP 11, T-complex protein 11; TEKT3, tektin 3; TGM4, transglutaminase 4; TPPII, tripeptidyl peptidase 2; UQCRC2, complex-III cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2.