Cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation during brain tumor resection: A comparative study between different types of infusates

Available online 19 February 2011

Figures & data

Table 1 Patients characteristics and duration of surgery of the studied groups. Values are presented as mean ± SD, (min–max), ratio (M/F).

	Crystalloid (G I) (n = 20)	Colloid (G II) (n = 20)	Blood (G III) (n = 20)
Age (years)	36.6 ± 12.50 (20–55)	42.3 ± 11.07 (20–60)	41.15 ± 7.80 (25–53)
Sex (M/F)	(8/12)	(11/9)	(9–11)
Duration of surgery (h)	3.15 ± 1.46 (2–7)	2.75 ± 0.91 (2–5)	3.15 ± 0.93 (2–5)

Table 2 Perioperative heart rate “HR” (bpm) and mean arterial blood pressure “MAP” (mm Hg) for studied groups. Values are in mean ± SD.

Time	HR (bpm)			MAP (mm Hg)
	G I (crystalloid)	G II (colloid)	G III (blood)	G I (crystalloid)	G II (colloid)	G III (blood)
Before induction (Basal)	89 ± 12.5	83 ± 8.3	88 ± 11.8	90 ± 11.3	91 ± 8.6	94 ± 8.1
Immed. post-induction	93 ± 13.7	93 ± 10.0^*	91 ± 9.9	83 ± 14.1^*	86 ± 12.6^*	87 ± 12.4^*
0.5 h	86 ± 13.9	82 ± 10.9	86 ± 13.6	87 ± 10.2	89 ± 10.8	92 ± 8.7
1 h	84 ± 12.2	84 ± 12.1	85 ± 9.7	84 ± 8.9	84 ± 12.0^*	88 ± 8.8^*
1.5 h	86 ± 13.6	83 ± 10.4	86 ± 9.9	84 ± 7.3	84 ± 10.6^*	88 ± 8.7^*
2 h	89 ± 13.2	87 ± 13.2	85 ± 11.7	88 ± 6.8	87 ± 8.8^*	89 ± 9.9^*
After closure	95 ± 14.3	90 ± 14.4^*	87 ± 15.2	94 ± 9.2	97 ± 10.7^*	99 ± 8.5^*

* P < 0.05: significant when compared to the basal value of the same group.

Table 3 Central venous pressure (CVP) of the studied groups. Values are in mean ± SD.

Time	CVP (mm Hg)
	G I (crystalloid)	G II (colloid)	G III (blood)
Immed. post-induction (Basal)	0.1 ± 1.0	−0.1 ± 0.8	−0.2 ± 0.8
0.5 h	0.1 ± 1.1	−0.1 ± 0.7	−0.3 ± 0.4
1 h	0.0 ± 0.9	−0.2 ± 0.8	0.1 ± 0.7
1.5 h	−0.2 ± 0.8	0.1 ± 0.8	0.3 ± 0.8
2 h	0.1 ± 0.9	0.5 ± 0.6^*	0.4 ± 0.7^*
After closure	0.5 ± 1.1	0.7 ± 0.8^*	0.8 ± 0.8^*

* P < 0.05: significant when compared to the basal value of the same group.

Table 4 Perioperative haemoglobin (gm/dl) and hematocrit (%) for the studied groups. Values are in mean ± SD.

Time	Hemoglobin (gm/dl)			Hematocrit (%)
	G I (crystalloid)	G II (colloid)	G III (blood)	G I (crystalloid)	G II (colloid)	G III (blood)
Before induction (Basal)	12.0 ± 1.6	11.8 ± 1.5	12.8 ± 1.3	39.0 ± 4.4	38.4 ± 4.2	41.8 ± 3.9
Immed. post-induction	12.2 ± 1.5	11.8 ± 1.5	12.8 ± 1.3	39.3 ± 4.1	38.5 ± 4.1	41.9 ± 4.0
0.5 h	11.9 ± 1.5	11.6 ± 1.5^*	13.1 ± 1.2^*^,^**^,^***	38.4 ± 3.6	38.1 ± 3.8	42.5 ± 3.9^**^,^***
1 h	11.6 ± 1.5^*	11.4 ± 1.6^*	13.4 ± 1.3^*^,^**^,^***	37.5 ± 3.6^*	37.3 ± 4.0^*	42.9 ± 4.4^**^,^***
1.5 h	11.3 ± 1.6^*	11.2 ± 1.6^*	13.5 ± 1.2^*^,^**^,^***	36.5 ± 3.9^*	37.1 ± 4.4^*	43.5 ± 3.9^**^,^***
2 h	11.1 ± 1.7^*	11.0 ± 1.8^*	13.6 ± 1.3^*^,^**^,^***	35.6 ± 4.5^*	36.6 ± 5.5^*	44.2 ± 4.1^**^,^***
After closure	11.6 ± 1.5^*	11.4 ± 1.4^*	13.5 ± 1.4^*^,^**^,^***	37.3 ± 4.1^*	37.2 ± 4.2^*	43.9 ± 4.1^**^,^***

* P < 0.05: significant when compared to the basal value of the same group.

** P < 0.05: significant when compared to group I at the same event.

*** P < 0.05: significant when compared to group II at the same event.

Table 5 Perioperative jugular venous blood lactate (mmol/l) and blood glucose (mg/dl) for the studied groups. Values are in mean ± SD.

Time	Blood lactate (mmol/l)			Blood glucose (mg/dl)
	G I (crystalloid)	G II (colloid)	G III (blood)	G I (crystalloid)	G II (colloid)	G III (blood)
Before induction (Basal for glucose)				93 ± 19	95 ± 24	102 ± 27
Immed. post-induction (Basal for lactate)	0.15 ± 0.05	0.16 ± 0.08	0.17 ± 0.05	91 ± 19	98 ± 30	108 ± 38
0.5 h
1 h	0.19 ± 0.07 ^*	0.18 ± 0.07	0. 20 ± 0.05^*	112 ± 19^*	136 ± 50^*	156 ± 59^*^,^**
1.5 h
2 h	0.22 ± 0.09 ^*	0.19 ± 0.06	0.26 ± 0.07^*^,^***	129 ± 26^*	152 ± 45^*	190 ± 69^*^,^**^,^***
After closure

* P < 0.05: significant when compared to the basal value of the same group.

** P < 0.05: significant when compared to group I at the same event.

*** P < 0.05: significant when compared to group II at the same event.

Table 6 Measured arterial oxygen saturation “SpO₂” (%) and jugular oxygen saturation “SjO₂” (%) for the studied groups (from ABG). Values are in mean ± SD.

Time	SpO2 (%)			SjO2 (%)
	G I (crystalloid)	G II (colloid)	G III (blood)	G I (crystalloid)	G II (colloid)	G III (blood)
Immed. post-induction (Basal)	98.3 ± 1.16	98.9 ± 0.85	98.4 ± 1.19	68.6 ± 9.96	74.3 ± 8.69	75.1 ± 10.84^**
0.5 h	98.2 ± 1.28	98.9 ± 1.07	98.9 ± 1.37	67.1 ± 9.13	73.2 ± 8.57^**	74.9 ± 10.36^**
1 h	98.4 ± 1.09	98.9 ± 0.98	98.4 ± 1.72	67.1 ± 7.36	73.7 ± 8.42^**	70.4 ± 10.86
1.5 h	98.5 ± 1.60	99.0 ± 0.86	98.7 ± 0.85	68.0 ± 8.23	74.3 ± 8.82^**	70.8 ± 10.06
2 h	98.7 ± 1.14	99.2 ± 0.83	98.8 ± 0.86	68.2 ± 6.39	75.9 ± 8.05^**	69.8 ± 10.24^***
After closure	98.7 ± 0.82	99.2 ± 0.86	99.0 ± 0.77	67.3 ± 8.59	74.9 ± 7.54^**	70.8 ± 11.15

^∗ P < 0.05: significant when compared to the basal value of the same group.

** P < 0.05: significant when compared to group I at the same event.

*** P < 0.05: significant when compared to group II at the same event.

Table 7 Measured arterial oxygen tension “PaO₂” (mm Hg) and jugular oxygen tension “PjO₂” (mm Hg) of the studied groups (from ABG). Values are in mean ± SD.

Time	PaO2 (mm Hg)			PjO2 (mm Hg)
	G I (crystalloid)	G II (colloid)	G III (blood)	G I (crystalloid)	G II (colloid)	G III (blood)
Immed. post-induction (Basal)	167.8 ± 58.9	161.5 ± 33.3	159.0 ± 64.1	38.8 ± 7.7	45.9 ± 11.2	46.3 ± 13.9
0.5 h	176.1 ± 56.5	156.4 ± 35.7	152.6 ± 47.3	39.7 ± 8.2	43.8 ± 9.5	44.7 ± 9.4
1 h	189.3 ± 44.6^*	169. 3 ± 31.4	145.9 ± 31.6^**^,^***	39.8 ± 7.2	44.4 ± 9.1	41.1 ± 7.8^*
1.5 h	207.3 ± 47.4^*	185.4 ± 41.6^*	154.4 ± 33.8^**^,^***	41.1 ± 10.8	43.9 ± 9.8	41.9 ± 9.1^*
2 h	199.9 ± 39.2^*	186.1 ± 32.7^*	160.6 ± 36.2^**^,^***	39.9 ± 6.5	46.9 ± 8.9^**	41.7 ± 8.5 ^*^,^***
After closure	210.4 ± 42.6^*	210.6 ± 73.5^*	189.7 ± 77.9	39.3 ± 7.7	45.9 ± 8.3^**	44.7 ± 11.1

* P < 0.05: significant when compared to the basal value of the same group.

** P < 0.05: significant when compared to group I at the same event.

*** P < 0.05: significant when compared to group II at the same event.

Table 8 Measured arterial carbon dioxide tension “PaCO₂” (mm Hg) and jugular carbon dioxide tension “PjCO₂” (mm Hg) of the studied groups (from ABG). Values are in mean ± SD.

Time	PaCO2 (mm Hg)			PjCO2 (mm Hg)
	G I (crystalloid)	G II (colloid)	G III (blood)	G I (crystalloid)	G II (colloid)	G III (blood)
Immed. post-induction (Basal)	32.8 ± 3.54	34.4 ± 5.22	33.1 ± 3.83	41.9 ± 11.69	41.8 ± 7.35	39.7 ± 6.01
0.5 h	32.2 ± 3.47	34.1 ± 3.31	32.9 ± 3.73	40.3 ± 11.11	40.1 ± 5.77	38.2 ± 5.04
1 h	31.8 ± 3.39	32.8 ± 3.91	33.0 ± 4.38	39.1 ± 5.04	40.7 ± 5.81	41.8 ± 6.20
1.5 h	31.9 ± 3.33	32.7 ± 4.33	32.5 ± 3.47	40.3 ± 9.64	39.7 ± 5.21	40.4 ± 6.32
2 h	32.6 ± 2.93	34.5 ± 4.18	33.2 ± 5.20	40.4 ± 10.24	41.4 ± 6.41	41.6 ± 7.04
After closure	34.0 ± 4.14	35.8 ± 4.46	35.0 ± 4.97	42.2 ± 9.03	42.1 ± 4.54	42.0 ± 5.68

Table 9 Arterial oxygen content “CaO₂” (ml/dl) and jugular oxygen content “CjO₂” (ml/dl) of the studied groups. Values are in mean ± SD.

Time	CaO2 (ml/dl)			CjO2 (ml/dl)
	G I (crystalloid)	G II (colloid)	G III (blood)	G I (crystalloid)	G II (colloid)	G III (blood)
Immed. post-induction (Basal)	16.5 ± 2.01	16.1 ± 1.91	17.4 ± 1.62^***	11.3 ± 1.98	11.6 ± 1.69	12.9 ± 2.04^**^,^***
0.5 h	16.1 ± 1.86^*	15.9 ± 2.00^*	17.7 ± 1.56^*^,^**^,^***	10.7 ± 1.23	11.5 ± 1.62	13.2 ± 2.17^**^,^***
1 h	15.8 ± 1.94^*	15.6 ± 2.13^*	18.0 ± 1.62^*^,^**^,^***	10.4 ± 1.23^*	11.3 ± 1.45	12.7 ± 2.31^**^,^***
1.5 h	15.6 ± 1.94^*	15.4 ± 2.22^*	18.3 ± 1.53^*^,^**^,^***	10.5 ± 1.78^*	11.1 ± 1.65	12.9 ± 2.24^**^,^***
2 h	15.3 ± 2.19^*	15.2 ± 2.50^*	18.5 ± 1.62^*^,^**^,^***	10.3 ± 1.71^*	11.3 ± 1.71	12.8 ± 2.34^**^,^***
After closure	16.1 ± 1.92^*	15.8 ± 1.92^*	18.5 ± 1.73^*^,^**^,^***	10.5 ± 1.92^*	11.6 ± 1.42	12.9 ± 2.35^**^,^***

* P < 0.05: significant when compared to the basal value of the same group.

** P < 0.05: significant when compared to group I at the same event.

*** P < 0.05: significant when compared to group II at the same event.

Table 10 Cerebral metabolic rate for O₂ (CMRO₂), cerebral extraction ratio (CEO₂) and Cerebral blood flow equivalent (CBFe) of the studied groups. Values are in mean ± SD.

Time	CMRO2 (ml O2/100 gm/min)			CEO2 (%)			CBFe (ml blood/ml O2)
	G I (crystalloid)	G II (colloid)	G III (blood)	G I (crystalloid)	G II (colloid)	G III (blood)	G I (crystalloid)	G II (colloid)	G III (blood)
Immed. post-induction (Basal)	1.7 ± 0.60	1.5 ± 0.52	1.4 ± 0.67	29.7 ± 10.3	24.6 ± 8.5	23.4 ± 11.2	0.22 ± 0.08	0.27 ± 0.12	0.28 ± 0.11
0.5 h	1.7 ± 0.58	1.5 ± 0.59	1.5 ± 0.67	31.0 ± 9.0	25.7 ± 8.6	25.0 ± 10.8	0.21 ± 0.09	0.27 ± 0.12	0.27 ± 0.13
1 h	1.7 ± 0.49	1.4 ± 0.61	1.7 ± 0.61^*	31.4 ± 7.3	25.2 ± 8.7^**	27.9 ± 10.6	0.20 ± 0.06^***	0.28 ± 0.15	0.21 ± 0.08^*^,^***
1.5 h	1.6 ± 0.50	1.4 ± 0.58	1.7 ± 0.55^*	30.8 ± 8.5	24.9 ± 9.4^**	27.9 ± 10.1	0.21 ± 0.06^***	0.28 ± 0.15	0.21 ± 0.07^*^,^***
2 h	1.6 ± 0.42	1.4 ± 0.59	1.9 ± 0.60^*^,^***	30.5 ± 6.7	23.2 ± 8.1^**	28.0 ± 10.3^***	0.21 ± 0.07^***	0.31 ± 0.14	0.20 ± 0.10^*^,^***
After closure	1.9 ± 0.61	1.6 ± 0.65	1.9 ± 0.64^*	31.5 ± 8.7	24.4 ± 7.7^**	28.2 ± 11.1	0.20 ± 0.07^***	0.27 ± 0.12	0.21 ± 0.09^*^,^***

* P < 0.05: significant when compared to the basal value of the same group.

** P < 0.05: significant when compared to group I at the same event.

*** P < 0.05: significant when compared to group II at the same event.