Ultrasound guided transversus abdominis plane block in pediatric patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery

Available online 12 February 2014

Figures & data

Figure 1 The TAP bock procedure.

Table 1 Children’s Hospital Eastern Ontario Pain Scale [16].

Parameter	Finding	Points	Parameter	Finding	Points
Facial	Smiling	0	Cry	No cry	1
	Composed	1		Moaning	2
	Grimace	2		Crying	2
Child verbal	Positive	0		Screaming	3
	None	1	Touch	Not touching	1
	Complaints other than pain	1		Reach	2
	Pain complaints	2		Touch	2
	Both pain and non-pain complaints	2		Grab	2
Torso	Neutral	1		Restrained	2
	Shifting	2	Legs	Neutral	1
	Tense	2		Squirming kicking	2
	Shivering	2		Drawn up tensed	2
	Upright	2		Standing	2
	Restrained	2		Restrained	2

Table 2 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population.

	TAP Group	Control Group	p Value
	(n = 54)	(n = 54)
Age (years)	5.8 ± 2.1	5.5 ± 2.5	0.501
Weight (kg)	14.5 ± 2.7	13.9 ± 2.9	0.268
ASA physical status (I/II)	50/4	48/6	0.507
Operative time (min)	47.0 ± 26.8	44.9 ± 30.4	0.704

Data are presented as mean ± SD.

Table 3 Intraoperative and postoperative findings in the two studied groups.

	TAP Group	Control Group	p Value
	(n = 54)	(n = 54)
Total intraoperative fentanyl doses (mg/kg)	0.8 ± 0.5	1.4 ± 0.7	<0.001
1st time to rescue analgesic (min)	67.3 ± 62.3	36.3 ± 51.2	<0.001
Total paracetamol/24 h (mg/kg)	19.4 ± 17.2	29.8 ± 28.1	<0.001
Hospital stay (days)	1.2 ± 0.9	1.1 ± 0.9	0.565

Table 4 Postoperative pain scores in the two studied groups.

	CHEOPS			OPS
	TAP Group	Control Group	p Value	TAP Group	Control Group	p Value
	(n = 54)	(n = 54)		(n = 54)	(n = 54)
Immediately	7 (6–8)	9 (7–11)	<0.001	5 (4–6)	7 (5–7)	<0.001
After 2 h	6 (4–7)	8 (8–11)	<0.001	2 (0–3)	6 (6–7)	<0.001
After 4 h	6 (6–7)	8 (7–10)	<0.001	1 (0–2)	6 (5–7)	<0.001
After 8 h	6 (4–6)	8 (7–12)	<0.001	1 (0–3)	6 (5–6)	<0.001
After 12 h	6 (4–6)	8 (7–10)	<0.001	1 (0–1)	6 (5–7)	<0.001
After 24 h	6 (4–7)	9 (7–11)	<0.001	1 (0–3)	6 (5–6)	<0.001

Data presented as median (range).

Figure 2 The mean arterial pressure changes during intraoperative period in the two studied groups.

Figure 3 Heart rate changes during intraoperative period in the two studied groups.

Table 5 Degree of satisfaction of the parents in the two studied group.

	TAP Group	Control Group
	(n = 54)	(n = 54)
Completely satisfied	9 (16.7%)	3 (5.6%)
Satisfied	31 (57.4%)	7 (13.0%)
Not satisfied nor dissatisfied	10 (18.5%)	20 (37.0%)
Dissatisfied	4 (7.4%)	19 (35.2%)
Completely dissatisfied	0 (0.0%)	5 (9.3%)