Tourniquet-induced cardiovascular responses in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery under general anesthesia: Effect of preoperative oral amantadine

Available online 4 September 2014

Figures & data

Table 1 Patients characteristics, tourniquet time and operation time.

Variables	Group P (n = 15)	Group A (n = 15)
Age (year)	32.2 (5.6)	33.9 (6.8)
Weight (kg)	80.9 (4.1)	85.5 (3.1)
Height (cm)	174.3 (3.5)	175.5 (4.5)
ASA (I/II)	11/4	9/6
Tourniquet time (min)	87.8 (2.2)	88.3 (1.8)
Operation time (min)	118.7 (2.2)	119.1 (2.3)

Group P: placebo group, Group A: amantadine group.

Data presented as mean (SD) or number. No significant difference between groups.

Table 2 Hemodynamic changes.

	Group	SAP	DAP	HR
BI (baseline)	P	119.7 (1.7)	71.2 (2.6)	76.4 (3.2)
	A	120.7 (1.3)	73.3 (2.9)	75.2 (1.7)
Ti 15	P	125.1 (1.6)^*	75.1 (2.9)^*	76.9 (2.6)
	A	123.9 (3.2)^*	75.9 (2.7)^*	75.1 (1.8)
Ti 30	P	135.5 (12.1)^*	81.7 (6.4)^*	77.3 (2.5)
	A	131.4 (6.9)^*	79.1 (5.5)^*	75.2 (1.7)
Ti 45	P	142.1 (11.6)^*	88.8 (8.9)^*	85.5 (4.5)^*
	A	132.8 (10.9)^*^,^a	81.3 (6.6)^*^,^a	80.2 (5.1)^*^,^a
Ti 60	P	144.1 (14.8)^*	90.6 (8.8)^*	90.3 (5.5)^*
	A	134.7 (14.6)^*^,^a	83.7 (11.2)^*^,^a	85.3 (7.9)^*^,^a
Ti 75	P	133.1 (2.7)^*	79.4 (2.8)^*	86.4 (1.8)^*
	A	128.1 (3.1)^*^,^a	76.6 (1.8)^*^,^a	82.9 (4.8)^*^,^a
BTD	P	129.3 (1.4)^*	74.7 (2.3)^*	79.9 (3.3)
	A	126.5 (1.9)^*	75.2 (1.9)^*	78.7 (4.2)
ATD	P	120.5 (1.4)	72.9 (1.2)	75.1 (1.5)
	A	120.2 (1.1)	72.8 (2.3)	73.5 (1.5)

Group P: placebo group, Group A: amantadine group. Data presented as mean (SD).

SAP: systolic arterial pressure, DAP: diastolic arterial pressure, HR: heart rate, BI: before induction of anesthesia, Ti15: 15 min after tourniquet inflation, Ti30: 30 min after tourniquet inflation, Ti45: 45 min after tourniquet inflation, Ti60: 60 min after tourniquet inflation, Ti75: 75 min after tourniquet inflation, BTD: before tourniquet deflation, ATD: after tourniquet deflation.

* Significant difference (p < 0.05) Compared to baseline.

a Significant difference (p < 0.05) compared to placebo.

Figure 1 incidence of tourniquet induced hypertension Group P: placebo group, Group A: amantadine group. No significant difference between groups.

Table 3 Time to first postoperative analgesic requirement and tramadol consumption during the first 24 h after surgery.

Variables	Group P (n = 15)	Group A (n = 15)
Time to first postoperative analgesic requirement (min)	8.9 (1.4)	18.8 (1.5)^*
Tramadol consumption during the first 24 h after surgery (mg)	389.3 (11.2)	311.7 (6.9)^*

Group P: placebo group, Group A: amantadine group, data presented as mean (SD).

* Significant difference (p < 0.05) compared to Group P.

Table 4 Incidence of side effects.

Variables	Group P (n = 15)	Group A (n = 15)
Nausea & vomiting	3 (20)	2 (13)
Sedation	0 (0)	0 (0)

Group P: placebo group, Group A: amantadine group, data presented as number (%).

No significant difference between groups.