Mitigating effect of Avicenna marina on indomethacin induced gastric ulcer in male albino rats

Figures & data

Fig. 1 Antiulcer activity of mangrove polyherbal formulation; (A) Stomach of control rat; (B) Stomach of rat showing mucosa with hemorrhagic erosion when treated with indomethacin (20 mg/kg); (C) Stomach of rat that received mangrove (125 mg/kg) showing normal mucosa; (D) Mangrove (125 mg/kg b.w.) + indomethacin (20 mg/kg) treated group showing normal mucosa.

Fig. 2 Effect of Avicenna marina extract (125 mg/kg) on the levels of prostaglandin (PGE2; µg/g) in the stomach of different animal groups. The values are expressed as means ± SE (n = 8). Different superscript letters indicate significant difference at P ≤ 0.05. a: Compared with control group; b: Compared with Indomethacin group. AM, aqueous extract of Avicenna marina. Indometh, indomethacin.

Table 1 Effect of Avicenna marina extract (125 mg/kg) on the values of PH and acid volume in the stomach in different animal groups.

Group parameters	Control	AM	Indometh.	AM + Indometh
pH (value)	6.49 ± 0.13	6.64 ± 0.09	3.03^a ± 0.22	5.92^a^,^b ± 0.07
Acid volume (ml)	2.56 ± 0.09	2.44 ± 0.13	6.32^a ± 0.17	2.94^b ± 0.08

The values are expressed as the means ± SE (n = 8). Different superscript letters indicate a significant difference at P ≤ 0.05.

AM ,aqueous extract of Avicenna marina; Indometh, indomethacin.

a Compared with control group.

b Compared with Indomethacin group.

Table 2 Effect of Avicenna marina extract (125 mg/kg) on the levels of lipid peroxidation product MDA (nmol/mg wet tissue), superoxide dismutase (SOD, u/g wet tissue), catalase (CAT, u/g wet tissue), and glutathione (GSH, mg/g wet tissue) in the stomach of different animal groups.

Group parameters	Control	AM	Indometh.	AM + Indometh.
MDA (nmol/g)	9	33.97 ± 1.32	58.56^a ± 1.13	32.54^b ± 1.01
SOD (U/g)	1179.16 ± 14.89	1207 ± 24.85	695.33^a ± 22.93	1135.31^b ± 37.66
CAT (U/g)	0.025 ± 0.0013	0.030^a ± 0.0009	0.019^a ± 0.0011	0.026^b ± 0.0007
GSH (mg/-g)	0.30 ± 0.01	0.35^a ± 0.01	0.25^a ± 0.013	0.29 ± 0.009

The values are expressed as the means ± SE (n = 8). Different superscript letters indicate a significant difference at P ≤ 0.05.

AM, aqueous extract of Avicenna marina; Indometh, indomethacin.

a Compared with control group.

b Compared with indomethacin group.

Fig. 3 Effect of Avicenna marina extract (125 mg/kg) on the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α µg/g) in the stomach of different animal groups. The values are expressed as means ± SE (n = 8). Different superscript letters indicate significant difference at P ≤ 0.05. a: Compared with control group; b: Compared with indomethacin group. AM, aqueous extract of Avicenna marina. Indometh, indomethacin.

Fig. 4 Effect of Avicenna marina extract (125 mg/kg) on the percentage of transforming growth factor (TGF-β 1%) in the stomach of different animal groups. The values are expressed as means ± SE (n = 8). Different superscript letters indicate a significant difference at P ≤ 0.05. a: Compared with control group; b: Compared with indomethacin group. AM, aqueous extract of Avicenna marina. Indometh, indomethacin.

Fig. 5 (A–F) Photomicrograph of stomach of rats HE staining. (A,B) Control stomach showing normal gastric mucosa and submucosa. Also normal acid producing cells were seen (HE, A, 100x and B, 400x). (C–F) Treated stomach showing necrosis of superficial layer of gastric mucosa (Star). (HE, C,D, 100x) Stomach showing necrosis and desquamation of superficial layer of gastric mucosa (HE, E,F, 400x). M, mucosa; SM, submucosa; MP, Muscularis properia; white arrow showing base of ulcer, black arrow showing fibrosis, arrow head showing leukocyte infiltration.

Fig. 6 (A–D) Stomach of mangrove group showing normal gastric mucosa and submucosa. (HE, A, 100x and B, 400x). (C,D) Stomach of AM and indomethacin group showing no ulcer were seen. Normal lining epithelium of gastric mucosa with mild congestion (HE, C, 100x and D, 400x).