Preventive and curative effects of Cocculus hirsutus (Linn.) Diels leaves extract on CCl₄ provoked hepatic injury in rats

Figures & data

Table 1 Effects of ethanol extract from Cocculus hirsutus on serum GOT, GPT, ALP, LDH, and bilirubin levels in control and experimental rats against CCl₄ induced toxicity.

Parameter	Group I	Group II	Group III	Group IV	ANOVA F-value
SGOT (IU/L)	90.3 ± 10.3^a	298 ± 8.5^b	185 ± 6.8^c	110 ± 7.3^d	617.01
SGPT (IU/L)	51.6 ± 12.3^a	321 ± 9.81^b	138 ± 5^c	98.3 ± 2^d	927.22
ALP (IU/L)	173.6 ± 10.1^c	318 ± 6.7^a	254 ± 5^d	218 ± 6^b	895.25
LDH (IU/L)	941 ± 14.4^d	2481 ± 20.4^a	1468 ± 11^b	1043 ± 15^c	511.19
Bilirubin (mg/dL)	1.21 ± 0.03 ^c	2.1 ± 0.06^a	1.8 ± 0.05^d	1.4 ± 0.05^b	38.77

Group I: (control); Group II: CCl₄ treated; Group III: CCl₄ + 250 mg/kg EECH; Group IV: CCl₄ + 500 mg/kg EECH.

Values are expressed as Mean ± SE of six rats in each group. Means having same superscript in each row do not differ significantly at 0.05 levels by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

All the enzyme activity units = IU/L: International Units/Liter; mg/dL: milligrams/deciliter.

Table 2 Effect of ethanol extract of Cocculus hirsutus on hepatic levels of TBARS, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in control and experimental rats against CCl₄ induced toxicity.

Parameter	Group I	Group II	Group III	Group IV	ANOVA F-value
LPO	1.28 ± 0.02^a	2.48 ± 0.06^b	1.93 ± 0.04^c	1.53 ± 0.03^d	125.89
SOD	0.402 ± 0.03^d	0.21 ± 0.01^b	0.31 ± 0.01^a	0.39 ± 0.02^c	101.59
CAT	64.32 ± 5.63^c	43.12 ± 3.61^a	51.21 ± 2.61^b	59.31 ± 1.32^d	339.73
GPx	53.46 ± 3.43^d	36.46 ± 1.21^c	39.86 ± 1.05^b	44.32 ± 1.25^a	495.52
GSH	5.48 ± 0.69^a	2.43 ± 0.11^b	3.61 ± 0.06^c	4.18 ± 0.01^d	398.41
Vitamin C	3.19 ± 0.06^c	1.54 ± 0.16^d	2.01 ± 0.13^b	2.94 ± 0.03^a	580.66
Vitamin E	1.53 ± 0.02^a	0.71 ± 0.01^b	0.89 ± 0.03^c	1.19 ± 0.04^d	179.72

Group I: (control); Group II: CCl₄ treated; Group III: CCl₄ + 250 mg/kg EECH; Group IV: CCl₄ + 500 mg/kg EECH.

Values expressed are Mean ± SE of six rats in each group. Means having same superscript in each row do not differ significantly at 0.05 level by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Lipid peroxidation (LPO) – nano moles of MDA produced/mg protein; CAT–µmoles of H₂O₂ utilized/min/mg protein; SOD–units/min/mg protein; GPX – µmoles of GSH oxidized/min/mg protein; GSH – µg of reduced glutathione/mg protein; Vitamin C – µg/mg protein; Vitamin E – µg/mg protein.

Fig. 1 Light microscopic photographs of liver histology in control and experimental rats. (A) Control mice showing normal histoarchitecture of hepatocytes, (B) A liver section of rat received CCl₄ showing hepatocellular damage, (C) A liver section of rat received CCl₄ + 250 mg/kg b·wt. EECH showing minimal damage to liver cells, and (D) A liver section of rat received CCl₄ + 500 mg/kg b. wt. EECH showing almost normal architecture of liver. Hematoxilin and Eosin stain; Original magnification ×10.