Assessment of vehicular live load and load factors for design of short-span bridges according to the new Egyptian Code

Peer review under responsibility of Housing and Building National Research Center.

Figures & data

Table 2 Internal forces of concrete I-shaped girder bridge with a span of 30 m.

Load case	Internal force	ECP-201:2012	ECP-201:2003	Ratio
DL	Bending moment (kN m)	5120		NA
	Shear force (kN)	680		NA
SDL	Bending moment (kN m)	1210		NA
	Shear force (kN)	160		NA
LL	Bending moment (kN m)	4670	4240	1.10
	Shear force (kN)	610	570	1.07
Total un-factored	Bending moment (kN m)	11,000	10,570	1.04
	Shear force (kN)	1450	1410	1.03
Total factored	Bending moment (kN m)	14,850	15,646	0.95
	Shear force (kN)	1958	2088	0.94

Table 6 Internal forces of composite steel plate girder bridge with a span of 40 m.

Load case	Internal force	ECP-201:2012	ECP-201:2003	Ratio
DL	Bending moment (kN m)	5530		NA
	Shear force (kN)	550		NA
SDL	Bending moment (kN m)	2170		NA
	Shear force (kN)	220		NA
LL	Bending moment (kN m)	7390	6370	1.16
	Shear force (kN)	760	670	1.13
Total un-factored	Bending moment (kN m)	15,090	14,070	1.07
	Shear force (kN)	1530	1440	1.06
Total factored	Bending moment (kN m)	20,372	20,972	0.97
	Shear force (kN)	2066	2150	0.96

Table 10 Internal forces of concrete box-girder bridge with a span of 40 m.

Load case	Internal force	ECP-201:2012	ECP-201:2003	Ratio
DL	Bending moment (kN m)	28,120		NA
	Shear force (kN)	2812		NA
SDL	Bending moment (kN m)	6200		NA
	Shear force (kN)	604		NA
LL	Bending moment (kN m)	15,880	12,460	1.27
	Shear force (kN)	1996	1656	1.21
Total un-factored	Bending moment (kN m)	50,200	46,780	1.07
	Shear force (kN)	5412	5072	1.07
Total factored	Bending moment (kN m)	67,770	67,984	1.00
	Shear force (kN)	7306	7432	0.98

Fig. 1 Load Model 1 of vehicular live load according to ECP-201:2012 (dimensions are in m).

Fig. 2 Vehicular live load according to ECP-201:2003 (dimensions are in m).

Fig. 3 Bridge deck systems presented in this study.

Fig. 4 Cross-section of I-shaped concrete girders for spans of 20 m, 30 m, and 40 m.

Fig. 5 Composite section of steel plate girders for different spans (dimensions in mm).

Fig. 6 Arrangement of live load for the different bridge models.

Fig. 7 Grillage of composite steel plate girder bridge.

Table 1 Internal forces of concrete I-shaped girder bridge with a span of 20 m.

Load case	Internal force	ECP-201:2012	ECP-201:2003	Ratio
DL	Bending moment (kN m)	2310		NA
	Shear force (kN)	460		NA
SDL	Bending moment (kN m)	600		NA
	Shear force (kN)	110		NA
LL	Bending moment (kN m)	3190	3150	1.01
	Shear force (kN)	560	550	1.02
Total un-factored	Bending moment (kN m)	6100	6060	1.01
	Shear force (kN)	1130	1120	1.01
Total factored	Bending moment (kN m)	8235	9114	0.90
	Shear force (kN)	1526	1678	0.91

Table 3 Internal forces of concrete I-shaped girder bridge with a span of 40 m.

Load case	Internal force	ECP-201:2012	ECP-201:2003	Ratio
DL	Bending moment (kN m)	9010		NA
	Shear force (kN)	900		NA
SDL	Bending moment (kN m)	2000		NA
	Shear force (kN)	200		NA
LL	Bending moment (kN m)	6020	5080	1.19
	Shear force (kN)	650	560	1.16
Total un-factored	Bending moment (kN m)	17,030	16,090	1.06
	Shear force (kN)	1750	1660	1.05
Total factored	Bending moment (kN m)	22,991	23,542	0.98
	Shear force (kN)	2363	2436	0.97

Table 4 Ratio of live load to total dead load for concrete I-shaped girder bridge.

Span (m)	Internal force	ECP-201:2012	ECP-201:2003
20	Bending moment (kN m)	1.10	1.08
	Shear force (kN)	0.98	0.96
30	Bending moment (kN m)	0.74	0.67
	Shear force (kN)	0.73	0.68
40	Bending moment (kN m)	0.55	0.46
	Shear force (kN)	0.59	0.51

Table 5 Internal forces of composite steel plate girder bridge with a span of 20 m.

Load case	Internal force	ECP-201:2012	ECP-201:2003	Ratio
DL	Bending moment (kN m)	1270		NA
	Shear force (kN)	240		NA
SDL	Bending moment (kN m)	590		NA
	Shear force (kN)	110		NA
LL	Bending moment (kN m)	3230	3170	1.02
	Shear force (kN)	600	600	1.00
Total un-factored	Bending moment (kN m)	5090	5030	1.01
	Shear force (kN)	950	950	1.00
Total factored	Bending moment (kN m)	6872	7676	0.90
	Shear force (kN)	1283	1450	0.88

Table 7 Internal forces of composite steel plate girder bridge with a span of 60 m.

Load case	Internal force	ECP-201:2012	ECP-201:2003	Ratio
DL	Bending moment (kN m)	14,030		NA
	Shear force (kN)	940		NA
SDL	Bending moment (kN m)	4630		NA
	Shear force (kN)	320		NA
LL	Bending moment (kN m)	12,160	9730	1.25
	Shear force (kN)	880	720	1.22
Total un-factored	Bending moment (kN m)	30,820	28,390	1.09
	Shear force (kN)	2140	1980	1.08
Total factored	Bending moment (kN m)	41,607	41,692	1.00
	Shear force (kN)	2889	2916	0.99

Table 8 Ratio of live load to total dead load for composite steel plate girder bridge.

Span (m)	Internal force	ECP-201:2012	ECP-201:2003
20	Bending moment (kN m)	1.74	1.70
	Shear force (kN)	1.71	1.71
40	Bending moment (kN m)	0.96	0.83
	Shear force (kN)	0.99	0.87
60	Bending moment (kN m)	0.65	0.52
	Shear force (kN)	0.70	0.57

Table 9 Internal forces of concrete box-girder bridge with a span of 30 m.

Load case	Internal force	ECP-201:2012	ECP-201:2003	Ratio
DL	Bending moment (kN m)	15,840		NA
	Shear force (kN)	2108		NA
SDL	Bending moment (kN m)	3480		NA
	Shear force (kN)	450		NA
LL	Bending moment (kN m)	11,440	9400	1.22
	Shear force (kN)	1876	1642	1.14
Total un-factored	Bending moment (kN m)	30,760	28,720	1.07
	Shear force (kN)	4434	4200	1.06
Total factored	Bending moment (kN m)	41,526	42,088	0.99
	Shear force (kN)	5986	6208	0.96

Table 11 Internal forces of concrete box-girder bridge with a span of 60 m.

Load case	Internal force	ECP-201:2012	ECP-201:2003	Ratio
DL	Bending moment (kN m)	41,650		NA
	Shear force (kN)	2780		NA
SDL	Bending moment (kN m)	7680		NA
	Shear force (kN)	520		NA
LL	Bending moment (kN m)	13,060	9870	1.32
	Shear force (kN)	1110	870	1.28
Total un-factored	Bending moment (kN m)	62,390	59,200	1.05
	Shear force (kN)	4410	4170	1.06
Total factored	Bending moment (kN m)	84,227	84,854	0.99
	Shear force (kN)	5954	6012	0.99

Table 12 Ratio of live load to total dead load for concrete box-girder bridge.

Span (M)	Internal force	ECP-201:2012	ECP-201:2003
30	Bending moment (kN m)	0.59	0.49
	Shear force (kN)	0.73	0.64
40	Bending moment (kN m)	0.46	0.36
	Shear force (kN)	0.58	0.48
60	Bending moment (kN m)	0.26	0.20
	Shear force (kN)	0.34	0.26