Lousicidal efficacy of camphor oil, d-phenothrin, and deltamethrin against the slender pigeon louse, Columbicola columbae

Peer review under responsibility of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University.

Figures & data

Table 1 In vitro mortality of the pigeon louse, Columbicola columbae, after treatment with camphor oil and d-phenothrin.

	Time post-treatment (h)
Conc.	1		2		3		4		24
(%)	D	%	D	%	D	%	D	%	D	%
CAM
0.004	4	10	6	15	15	37.5	15	37.5	32	80
0.030	6	15	7	17.5	17	42.5	17	42.5	35	87.5
0.060	7	17.5	8	20	25	62.5	26	65	40	100
0.250	8	20	16	40	33	82.5	34	85	40	100
0.500	25	62.5	25	62.5	35	87.5	36	90	40	100
1.000	40	100	40	100	40	100	40	100	40	100
Control 1	0	0	0	0	1	2.5	1	2.5	2	5
Control 2	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	2.5	3	7.5
DPH
0.004	4	10	7	17.5	28	70	40	100	40	100
0.030	5	12.5	12	30	31	77.5	40	100	40	100
0.060	6	15	19	47.5	33	82.5	40	100	40	100
0.250	8	20	32	80	34	85	40	100	40	100
0.500	23	57.5	35	87.5	37	92.5	40	100	40	100
1.000	40	100	40	100	40	100	40	100	40	100
Control 1	0	0	0	0	1	2.5	2	5	3	7.5
Control 2	0	0	0	0	1	2.5	1	2.5	3	7.5

Table 2 Sensitivity of lice to camphor oil and d-phenothrin.

	Time post-treatment (h)
	Camphor oil					d-Phenothrin
	1	2	3	4	24	1	2	3
LC10	0.020	0.009	0.005	0.001	0.00001	0.0197	0.004	0.000
LC50	0.251	0.177	0.019	0.173	0.0004	0.283	0.048	0.001
LC70	0.754	0.594	0.081	0.071	0.002	0.844	0.140	0.006
LC80	1.467	1.234	0.198	0.167	0.004	1.634	0.266	0.029
LC90	3.692	3.406	0.683	0.549	0.0147	4.084	0.650	0.234
LC95	7.911	7.870	1.898	1.462	0.042	8.701	1.358	1.311
LC99	33.043	37.879	12.888	9.195	0.298	35.963	5.411	33.078
Slope^a	1.098 ± 139	0.999 ± 0.127	0.819 ± 120	0.853 ± 0.122	0.799 ± 0.213	1.106 ± 0.141	1.135 ± 0.132	0.486 ± 0.127

LC = lethal concentration.

a Slope of the regression lines.

Table 3 Lethal time values of camphor oil and d-phenothrin.

	Time post-treatment (h)
	Camphor oil					d-Phenothrin
	0.004	0.03	0.06	0.25	0.5	0.004	0.03	0.06	0.25	0.5
LT10	0.989	0.842	0.932	0.817	0.160	1.317	1.143	0.987	0.779	0.347
LT50	6.497	4.944	2.775	1.937	0.834	2.301	2.068	1.829	1.477	0.881
LT70	14.040	10.202	4.336	2.758	1.642	2.892	2.636	2.354	1.919	1.289
LT80	22.375	15.812	5.680	3.415	2.474	3.321	3.053	2.742	2.248	1.624
LT90	12.704	29.036	8.260	4.592	4.370	4.022	3.742	3.389	2.800	2.235
LT95	72.826	47.962	11.252	5.866	6.984	4.711	4.427	4.037	3.357	2.918
LT99	198.214	122.692	20.098	9.284	16.845	6.339	6.067	5.604	4.717	4.777

LT = lethal time.

Table 4 In vivo treatments (spraying) of pigeons with CAM, DPH, and DMT.

	PrT	Days PT					Reduction (%)
	0	1	7	14	21	28	1	7	14	21	28
Gr1: CAM	531.00 ± 15.14	92.20^c ± 3.18	0.88^c ± 0.28	0.00^b ± 0.00	0.00^b ± 0.00	0.00^b ± 0.00	82.64	99.83	100.00	100.00	100.00
Gr2: DPH	481.64 ± 26.48	98.20^c ± 3.92	5.64^c ± 0.64	0.00^b ± 0.00	0.00^b ± 0.00	0.00^b ± 0.00	79.61	98.83	100.00	100.00	100.00
Gr3: DMT	546.84 ± 16.16	283.76^b ± 3.73	96.64^b ± 2.97	9.52^b ± 0.48	0.00^b ± 0.00	0.00^b ± 0.00	48.11	82.33	98.26	100.00	100.00
Gr4: control	503.56 ± 18.45	565.76^a ± 13.69	703.6^a ± 33.25	802.80^a ± 8.41	940.80^a ± 7.66	1023.29^a ± 4.65	−12.35	−39.73	−59.42	−86.83	−103.34
LSD	0.00	185.56^⁎	91.00^⁎	793.23^⁎	940.80^⁎	1023.92^⁎	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

Mean number of alive lice ± standard error.

One hundred pigeons were randomly divided into four equal groups (25 birds/each).

PrT = mean number of louse/bird (naturally infested) on day 0, just before treatment.

PT = post-treatment.

(Gr1 = the first group, sprayed with 8% camphor oil and few drops of Tween 80.

(Gr2) = the second group, sprayed with 9% d-phenothrin(Item®).

(Gr3) = the third group, sprayed with 0.005% (50 mg/L or 1 ml/L) deltamethrin (Butox® 50 EC).

(Gr4) = the fourth group, sprayed with distilled water and few drops of Tween 80.

Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA.

Means with different letters in the same column are significantly different using Duncan tests at P ⩽ 0.05.

⁎ LSD = Least significance difference among means at P ⩽ 0.05.