Clinicopathological evaluation of Newcastle disease virus vaccination using gums from Cedrela odorata and Khaya senegalensis as delivery agents in challenged chickens

Peer review under responsibility of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University.

Figures & data

Fig. 1 Bar chart showing clinical signs (dullness, diarrhoea, paralysis, and torticollis) severity scores for each group post-infection. Absent (0−) = 0; Mild (1+) = 10; Moderate (2+) = 20; Severe (3+) = 30. A: GVOR = Gum-Vaccine Oral; B: VOR = Vaccine oral; C: GVOC = Gum-Vaccine Ocular; D: VOC = Vaccine ocular; E1: GOR = Gum alone Oral; E2 = GOC: Gum alone Ocular; F1: NGNV/C = No gum No Vaccine Challenged; F2: NGNV/U = No gum No Vaccine Unchallenged.

Fig. 2 Bar chart showing mortality pattern per week as observed in different groups. GVOR: Gum-Vaccine Oral; VOR: Vaccine oral; GVOC: Gum-Vaccine Ocular; VOC: Vaccine ocular; GOR: Gum alone Oral; GOC: Gum alone Ocular; NGNV/C: No gum No Vaccine Challenged; NGNV/U: No gum No Vaccine Unchallenged.

Fig. 3 Bar chart showing Gross lesion scoring of harvested organs following euthanasia of selected birds at week 5: Lungs: Congestion, Focal areas of consolidation; Ceca tonsils, Intestine (jejunum): Haemorrhages (petechiae to echymotic); Spleen: Hyperplastic splenomegaly (follicular). Severity scores for each group. Absent (0−) = 0; Mild (1+) = 10; Moderate (2+) = 20; Severe (3+) = 30. GVOR: Gum-Vaccine Oral; VOR: Vaccine oral; GVOC: Gum-Vaccine Ocular; VOC: Vaccine ocular; GOR: Gum alone Oral; GOC: Gum alone Ocular; NGNV/C: No gum No Vaccine Challenged; NGNV/U: No gum No Vaccine Unchallenged.

Fig. 4 Bar chart showing histopathologic changes score of harvested organs following euthanasia of selected birds at week 5 post-infection: Lungs: Congestion, Focal areas of consolidation; Ceca tonsils, Intestine (jejunum): Haemorrhages (petechiae to echymotic); Spleen: Hyperplastic splenomegaly (follicular). Severity scores for each group. Absent (0−) = 0; Mild (1+) = 10; Moderate (2+) = 20; Severe (3+) = 30. GVOR: Gum-Vaccine Oral; VOR: Vaccine oral; GVOC: Gum-Vaccine Ocular; VOC: Vaccine ocular; GOR: Gum alone Oral; GOC: Gum alone Ocular; NGNV/C: No gum No Vaccine Challenged; NGNV/U: No gum No Vaccine Unchallenged.

Table 1 Results of Friedman test for severity of observed clinical signs.

Treatment	Number	Estimated median	Sum of Ranks
A: GVOR	5	0.00	15.0
B: VOR	5	0.00	17.0
C: GVOC	5	0.00	15.0
D: VOC	5	0.00	17.0
E1: GOR	5	81.25	32.5
E2: GOC	5	81.25	32.5
F1: NGNV/C	5	107.50	40.0
F2: NGNV/U	5	0.00	11.0

Grand median = 33.75.

Table 1: Showing data treatment block ranked. Terminal weakness (mortality), as observed PI, was such that by week 1, 17% (2/12) of the birds in the NGNV/C group were terminally weak (moribund) and euthanized. By 2nd week, it had increased to 33% (3/10) while by the 3rd week, the pattern had stopped but the gum alone groups showed 21% (3/14) terminal weakness each. The latter however resumed in the NGNV/C group by week 4 with 28.6% (2/7) mortality. No weakness of such magnitude was observed by week 5 in all groups.

Fig. 5 Histopathology photomicrographs of lungs in groups A(GVOR), B(VOR), C(GVOC), D(VOC), E1(GOR), E2(GOC), F1(NGNC/C), F2(NGNV/U) showing varying degrees of congestion (black arrows) and infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells (white arrow). (H&E, x400).