Governance arrangements and adaptive decision-making in rice farming systems in Northern Ghana

Figures & data

Fig. 1 Theoretical Framework of the study. Source: Field work, 2016.

Fig. 2 Map showing study communities in the Kumbungu District. Source: Field work, 2016.

Table 1 Research Methodology.

Research Question	Research Methodology	Sampling Method	Research instrument	Data Collected	Data Analysis
Question 1: Decision-making	Individual farmer/water manager interviews	Purposive sampling	Interview guide	-Types of decisions -Adaptive actions -Outcomes of adaptive actions	-Transcription of recordings -Editing of field notes -Content analysis
Group engagement	Purposive sampling	Focus Group Discussions	-Types of decisions -Adaptive actions
Question 2: Governance arrangement	Document analysis	Purposive sampling	Interview guide	-Arrangements on water management -Guidelines for decision-making and communication	-Definition of document types -Content analysis
Individual farmer/water manager interviews	Purposive sampling	Interview guide	-Traditional arrangements on water management -Rules of community engagement -Leadership and decision-making -Norms on farming and water management	-Transcription of recordings -Editing of field notes -Content analysis
Group engagement	Purposive sampling	Focus Group Discussions
Question 3: Correlation between governance arrangement and adaptive decision-making	Individual farmer interviews	Purposive sampling	Interview guide	-Outcomes of adaptive actions	-Transcription of recordings -Editing of field notes -Content analysis
Group engagement	Purposive sampling	Focus Group Discussions	-Propositions on both traditional and formal governance arrangements

Source: Field work, 2016.

Fig. 3 Adaptive decision-making in rice farming systems Source: Field work, 2016.