Children of rural-to-urban migrant workers in China are at a higher risk of contracting severe hand, foot and mouth disease and EV71 infection: a hospital-based study

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics and EV71 detection in children with HFMD

Characteristics	Enrolled cases (n=443)	Uncomplicated cases (n=304)	Severe cases (n=139)	OR	P
Age (months)
Median	25.9	25.1	27.7
<12	49 (11.1%)	38 (12.5%)	11 (7.9%)	0.60	0.153
12–23	180 (40.5%)	124 (40.8%)	56 (40.3%)	0.98	0.921
23–35	114 (25.7%)	81 (26.6%)	33 (23.7%)	0.86	0.517
36–47	63 (14.2%)	38 (12.5%)	25 (18.0%)	1.54	0.125
48–60	37 (8.4%)	23 (7.6%)	14 (10.1%)	1.37	0.376
Gender
Boys	290 (65.5%)	201 (66.1%)	89 (64.0%)	0.91	0.668
Girls	153 (34.5%)	103 (33.9%)	50 (36.0%)	1.10	0.668
Exposure history
Contact with cases	51 (11.5%)	30 (9.9%)	21 (15.1%)	1.63	0.109
Household registration
Local	314 (70.9%)	233 (76.7%)	81 (58.3%)	0.43	0
Migrant	129 (29.1%)	71 (23.3%)	58 (41.7%)	2.35	0
Child care
Home care	339 (76.5%)	243 (79.9%)	96 (69.1%)	0.56	0.012
Day care centre/kindergartens	104 (23.5%)	61 (20.1%)	43 (30.9%)	1.78	0.012
Residence
Urban	169 (38.1%)	119 (39.1%)	50 (36.0%)	0.87	0.523
Suburb	166 (37.5%)	118 (38.8%)	48 (34.5%)	0.83	0.387
Rural	108 (24.4%)	67 (22.0%)	41 (29.5%)	1.48	0.09
Mother's education
Elementary–middle school	181 (40.9%)	112 (36.8%)	69 (49.6%)	1.69	0.011
High or technical school	132 (29.8%)	98 (32.2%)	34 (24.5%)	0.68	0.097
College or above	130 (29.3%)	94 (30.9%)	36 (25.9%)	0.78	0.281
EV71 infection
Shanghai	79/110 (71.8%)	33/63 (52.4%)	46/47 (97.9%)	41.8	0
Chongqing	80/97 (82.5%)	37/48 (77.1%)	43/49 (87.8%)	2.13	0.167
Guangzhou	27/91 (29.7%)	11/64 (17.2%)	16/27 (59.3%)	7.01	0
Shantou	26/93 (28.0%)	22/88 (25%)	4/5 (80%)	12	0.008
Four regions	212/391 (54.2%)	103/263 (39.1%)	109/128 (85.1%)	8.35	0

Table 2 Factors associated with EV71 infection in children with HFMD

Characteristics	EV71-infected cases (n=212)	Non-EV71-infected cases (n=179)	OR	P
Severity of disease
Complicated	109 (51.4%)	19 (10.6%)	8.58	0
Uncomplicated	103 (48.6%)	160 (89.4%)	0.12	0
Age (months)
Median	27.4	24.3
<12	19 (9.0%)	22 (12.3%)	0.702	0.285
12–23	84 (39.6%)	76 (42.5%)	0.89	0.57
23–35	54 (25.5%)	48 (26.8%)	0.93	0.763
36–47	34 (16.0%)	23 (12.8%)	1.30	0.373
48–60	21 (9.9%)	10 (5.6%)	1.86	0.115
Gender
Boys	133 (62.7%)	119 (66.5%)	0.85	0.441
Girls	79 (37.3%)	60 (33.5%)	1.18	0.441
Exposure history
Contact with cases	32 (15.1%)	15 (8.4%)	1.94	0.042
Household registration
Local	125 (59.0%)	138 (77.1%)	0.43	0.000
Migrant	87 (41.0%)	35 (22.9%)	2.86	0
Child care
Home care	153 (72.2%)	144 (80.4%)	0.63	0.056
Day care centre/kindergartens	59 (27.8%)	35 (19.6%)	1.59	0.056
Residence
Urban	74 (34.9%)	68 (38.0%)	0.88	0.528
Suburb	86 (40.6%)	60 (33.5%)	1.35	0.151
Rural	52 (24.5%)	51 (28.5%)	0.82	0.375
Mother's education
Elementary–middle school	90 (42.5%)	72 (40.2%)	1.10	0.656
High or technical school	61 (28.8%)	56 (31.3%)	0.89	0.589
College or above	61 (28.8%)	51 (28.5%)	1.01	0.951