EV-A71 vaccine licensure: a first step for multivalent enterovirus vaccine to control HFMD and other severe diseases

Figures & data

Table 1 The clinical manifestation spectrum of enterovirus-associated diseases

Enterovirus group	Mild disease	Severe disease	Comment
EV-A	HFMD^Footnote#^Citation1	NP-AFP^Footnote#^Citation4	Associated with EV-A71^Footnote#^Citation1, Citation4, Citation5, Citation6, Citation7; associated with CV-A16^Footnote#^Citation1, Citation2, Citation5, Citation6; associated with CV-A6 or CV-A10^Citation1, Citation2, Citation3
	Herpangina^Footnote#^Citation2	Aseptic meningitis^Footnote#^Citation5
	Onychomadesis^Footnote#^Citation3	Encephalitis^Footnote#^Citation6
	Pharyngitis	Death^Footnote#^Citation7
	Diarrhea	Pulmonary edema
	Respiratory symptoms	Neuromyelitis Optica
	–	Infant sepsis
EV-B	HFMD^Footnote#^Citation1	NP-AFP^Footnote#^Citation4	Associated with CV-B3^Footnote#^Citation1, Citation7, Citation8, Citation9; associated with CV-B5 or E30^Footnote#^Citation1, Citation4, Citation5, Citation6, Citation7
	Herpangina	Aseptic meningitis^Footnote#^Citation5
	Diarrhea	Encephalitis^Footnote#^Citation6
	Respiratory symptoms^Footnote#^Citation8	Myocarditis^Footnote#^Citation9
	–	Death^Footnote#^Citation7
	–	Acute transverse myelitis
	–	Acute pancreatitis
	–	Papillitis
	–	Hepatitis
EV-C	HFMD^Footnote#^Citation1	NP-AFP^Footnote#^Citation4	Associated with CV-A22 or CV-A24^Footnote#^Citation1, Citation2, Citation5, Citation10
	Herpangina^Footnote#^Citation2	Aseptic meningitis^Footnote#^Citation5
	Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis^Footnote#^Citation10	Hopkins syndrome
	Corneal endothelial dysfunction	–
Other EVs	HFMD^Footnote#^Citation1	ND	Associated with rhinovirus^Footnote#^Citation1, Citation8
	Respiratory symptoms^Footnote#^Citation8	–

Abbreviations: not determined, ND; non-polio acute flaccid paralysis, NP-AFP.

^#Typical clinical manifestation.

Table 2 Research and development progresses regarding EV-A71 and CV-A16 vaccines

EV vaccine	Vaccine type	Vaccine strain	Subgenotype	Cell substrate	R&D status	Organization (country/region)
EV-A71 monovalent vaccine	Inactivated	FY-23	C4	KMB17	Production and registration approval	CAMS (China)^Citation14
	Inactivated	H07	C4	Vero	Production and registration approval	Sinovac (China)^Citation15
	Inactivated	FY7VP5	C4	Vero	Phase 3 clinical trial completed	Beijing Vigoo (China)^Citation51
	Inactivated	E59	B4	Vero	Phase 1 clinical trial completed	NHRI (Taiwan)^Citation52
	Inactivated	–	B3	Vero	Phase 1 clinical trial completed	Inviragen (Singapore)^Citation53
	Inactivated	E59	B4	Vero	Pre-clinical	Adimmune Corporation (Taiwan)^Citation54
	Attenuated live virus	BrCr	A	Vero	Pre-clinical	NIID (Japan)^Citation55
	VLP	neu	C2	Sf9	Pre-clinical	National Taiwan University (Taiwan)^Citation56
	VLP	G082	C4	Sf9	Pre-clinical	IPS-CAS (China)^Citation57
CV-A16 monovalent vaccine	Inactivated	SZ05	B1b	Vero	Pre-clinical	IPS-CAS (China)^Citation58
	Inactivated	CC024	B	Vero	Pre-clinical	First Hospital of Jilin University (China)^Citation59
	Peptide	SZ05	B1b	Synthetic	Pre-clinical	IPS-CAS (China)^Citation60
	VLP	GD09/119	B	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	Pre-clinical	Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology (China)^Citation61
EV-A71/CV-A16 bivalent vaccine	Inactivated	FY573 & G08	C4 & B	Vero	Pre-clinical	IPS-CAS (China)^Citation16
	VLP	FY & 09-7	C4 & B1	Sf9	Pre-clinical	IB-CAS (China)^Citation62
	VLP	SB12736-SAR-03 & SB3512/SAR/00	–	Sf9	Pre-clinical	The University of Queensland (Australia)^Citation63
	VLP	G082 & SZ05	C4 & B1b	Sf9	Pre-clinical	HuaLan (China)^Citation17

Abbreviations: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, CAMS; Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, IB-CAS; Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, IPS-CAS; National Health Research Institutes, NHRI; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, NIID; virus-like particle, VLP.

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