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Emerging Microbes & Infections Volume 7, 2018 - Issue 1
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Original Articles

Two reassortant types of highly pathogenic H5N8 avian influenza virus from wild birds in Central China in 2016

Liping MaCAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of Sciences430071WuhanHubeiChina;Center for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE)Chinese Academy of Sciences100101BeijingChina;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences100049BeijingChina
,
Tao JinChina National Genebank-ShenzhenBGI-Shenzhen518120ShenzhenChina
,
Hanzhong WangCAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of Sciences430071WuhanHubeiChina
,
Haizhou LiuCAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of Sciences430071WuhanHubeiChinaORCID Iconhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-4727-088X
ORCID Icon,
Runkun WangCAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of Sciences430071WuhanHubeiChina
,
Yong LiThe monitoring center of wildlife diseases and resource of Hubei430071WuhanChina
,
Guoxiang YangThe monitoring center of wildlife diseases and resource of Hubei430071WuhanChina
,
Yanping XiongThe monitoring center of wildlife diseases and resource of Hubei430071WuhanChina
,
Jing ChenThe monitoring center of wildlife diseases and resource of Hubei430071WuhanChina
,
Jun ZhangThe monitoring center of wildlife diseases and resource of Hubei430071WuhanChina
,
Guang ChenThe monitoring center of wildlife diseases and resource of Hubei430071WuhanChina
,
Wei LiInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences100101BeijingChina
,
Di LiuCAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of Sciences430071WuhanHubeiChina;Center for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE)Chinese Academy of Sciences100101BeijingChina;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences100049BeijingChina;Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences100101BeijingChina
,
Peng LinChina National Genebank-ShenzhenBGI-Shenzhen518120ShenzhenChina
,
Yueying HuangChina National Genebank-ShenzhenBGI-Shenzhen518120ShenzhenChina
,
George F. GaoCenter for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE)Chinese Academy of Sciences100101BeijingChina;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences100049BeijingChina;Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences100101BeijingChina;Office of Director-GeneralChineseCenter for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC)102206BeijingChina
&
Quanjiao ChenCAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of Sciences430071WuhanHubeiChina;Center for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE)Chinese Academy of Sciences100101BeijingChinaCorrespondence[email protected]
 show all
Pages 1-8 | Received 28 Jul 2017, Accepted 02 Dec 2017, Published online: 07 Feb 2018

Figures & data

The highest nucleotide similarity of the two H5N8 viruses in this study, with the sequences from global initiative on sharing all influenza data (GISAID)

Fig. 1 Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree for the HA (1704 nucleotides) and PA (2151 nucleotides) genes of H5N8 influenza viruses.

The trees were rooted with the earliest strain among the selected sequences. The isolated H5N8 strains in this study are coloured in rose. Node labels indicate bootstrap values, and bootstrap values greater than 60 are shown

Fig. 1 Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree for the HA (1704 nucleotides) and PA (2151 nucleotides) genes of H5N8 influenza viruses.The trees were rooted with the earliest strain among the selected sequences. The isolated H5N8 strains in this study are coloured in rose. Node labels indicate bootstrap values, and bootstrap values greater than 60 are shown
Fig. 2 Maximum clade credibility (MCC) trees of hemagglutinin (HA; 1704 nucleotides) and neuraminidase (NA; 1395 nucleotides) genes.

The strains in this study are indicated in rose, and the time of the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of H5 and N8 is indicated with a rose arrow. The MRCA of Central Asian and European viruses is indicated with a yellow arrow. D domestic birds, W wild birds, QH Qinghai Lake, CN China, EC Eastern China, CC Central China, KR Korea, EU Europe, AS Asia, IN India, UNL Uvs-Nuur Lake, SB Siberia

Fig. 2 Maximum clade credibility (MCC) trees of hemagglutinin (HA; 1704 nucleotides) and neuraminidase (NA; 1395 nucleotides) genes.The strains in this study are indicated in rose, and the time of the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of H5 and N8 is indicated with a rose arrow. The MRCA of Central Asian and European viruses is indicated with a yellow arrow. D domestic birds, W wild birds, QH Qinghai Lake, CN China, EC Eastern China, CC Central China, KR Korea, EU Europe, AS Asia, IN India, UNL Uvs-Nuur Lake, SB Siberia

Characterisation of selected molecular markers of H5N8 viruses

Fig. 3 SeqLogo analysis of amino acid substitutions in H5N8 viruses.

HA and NA (H3 and N2 numbering) are shown

Fig. 3 SeqLogo analysis of amino acid substitutions in H5N8 viruses.HA and NA (H3 and N2 numbering) are shown
Fig. 4 The proposed reassortment and transmission model of H5N8 virus among the East Asian-Australasian flyway, Central Asian flyway, and Europe. Eastern China, Central China, and Qinghai Lake are coloured in light grey, light orange, and bright green, respectively.

The countries in which H5N8 outbreaks occurred in Europe are coloured in light brown. Transmission routes for H5N8 virus are indicated with a red solid arrow, and the probable transmission route between Qinghai and Central China is indicated with a red dotted arrow. Gene segments are coloured according to their origins. Notably, the PA and NP segments of H5N8 viruses in Europe were from unidentified viruses and are coloured in green

Fig. 4 The proposed reassortment and transmission model of H5N8 virus among the East Asian-Australasian flyway, Central Asian flyway, and Europe. Eastern China, Central China, and Qinghai Lake are coloured in light grey, light orange, and bright green, respectively.The countries in which H5N8 outbreaks occurred in Europe are coloured in light brown. Transmission routes for H5N8 virus are indicated with a red solid arrow, and the probable transmission route between Qinghai and Central China is indicated with a red dotted arrow. Gene segments are coloured according to their origins. Notably, the PA and NP segments of H5N8 viruses in Europe were from unidentified viruses and are coloured in green

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