Figures & data
Hu-BLT mice used in this study
(A) Mean plasma VL kinetics over the course of 16 weeks pi. Five groups of hu-BLT mice (n = 5/each group) were inoculated with a high dose of SIVcpz closely related to the ancestral viruses of HIV-1 groups M (SIVcpzMB897) and N (SIVcpzEK505), two lineages of SIVcpz strains that have not been associated with any known HIV-1 infections in humans (SIVcpzMT145 and SIVcpzBF1167), and HIV-1. Each group is color coded. The dashed line indicates the detection limit of pVL. Statistical significance is indicated with stars. NS non-significance, *<0.05, **<0.01, ***<0.001. (B) CD4+ T-cell depletion in four different SIVcpz- and HIV-1-infected hu-BLT mice. The CD4+ T-cell percentage in the total T cells of five groups of infected hu-BLT mice were quantified. Each group is color coded. Statistical significance is indicated with stars. NS non-significance, *<0.05, **<0.01, ***<0.001
![Fig. 1 Plasma viral load and CD4+ T-cell kinetics in hu-BLT mice infected with HIV-1 or one of four different strains of SIVcpz.(A) Mean plasma VL kinetics over the course of 16 weeks pi. Five groups of hu-BLT mice (n = 5/each group) were inoculated with a high dose of SIVcpz closely related to the ancestral viruses of HIV-1 groups M (SIVcpzMB897) and N (SIVcpzEK505), two lineages of SIVcpz strains that have not been associated with any known HIV-1 infections in humans (SIVcpzMT145 and SIVcpzBF1167), and HIV-1. Each group is color coded. The dashed line indicates the detection limit of pVL. Statistical significance is indicated with stars. NS non-significance, *<0.05, **<0.01, ***<0.001. (B) CD4+ T-cell depletion in four different SIVcpz- and HIV-1-infected hu-BLT mice. The CD4+ T-cell percentage in the total T cells of five groups of infected hu-BLT mice were quantified. Each group is color coded. Statistical significance is indicated with stars. NS non-significance, *<0.05, **<0.01, ***<0.001](/cms/asset/cc4bd96c-d2fe-4c80-b99e-1f7c9baa9417/temi_a_12039969_f0001_ob.jpg)
CD4+ T cells in whole sections of splenic tissues were detected using immunohistochemical staining. CD4+ T cells are stained blue. Scale bar, 200 µm
![Fig. 2 CD4+ T cells in splenic tissues of SIVcpz- and HIV-1-infected hu-BLT mice at 16 wpi.CD4+ T cells in whole sections of splenic tissues were detected using immunohistochemical staining. CD4+ T cells are stained blue. Scale bar, 200 µm](/cms/asset/85caba4c-f781-4fee-adec-5cae37640b35/temi_a_12039969_f0002_ob.jpg)
(A) The CD4+ T-cell percentage in the total T cells from splenic tissues of each group (n = 5) were quantified using flow cytometry at 16 wpi. (B) CD4+ T-cell counts per square millimeter of spleen tissues were quantified after IHCS at 16 wpi. Statistical significance is indicated with stars. NS non-significance, *<0.05, **<0.01, ***<0.001
![Fig. 3 Quantification of CD4+ T cells in splenic tissues of SIVcpz- and HIV-1-infected hu-BLT mice. (A) The CD4+ T-cell percentage in the total T cells from splenic tissues of each group (n = 5) were quantified using flow cytometry at 16 wpi. (B) CD4+ T-cell counts per square millimeter of spleen tissues were quantified after IHCS at 16 wpi. Statistical significance is indicated with stars. NS non-significance, *<0.05, **<0.01, ***<0.001](/cms/asset/796fbafc-f8e6-4917-8a0e-9421f738493d/temi_a_12039969_f0003_ob.jpg)
CD38+ HLA-DR+ ratios in the CD4+ T cells of the five groups (n = 5/each group) were measured. Each group is color coded. Statistical significance is indicated with stars. NS non-significance, *<0.05, **<0.01, ***<0.001
![Fig. 4 CD4+ T-cell activation in SIVcpz- and HIV-1-infected hu-BLT mice.CD38+ HLA-DR+ ratios in the CD4+ T cells of the five groups (n = 5/each group) were measured. Each group is color coded. Statistical significance is indicated with stars. NS non-significance, *<0.05, **<0.01, ***<0.001](/cms/asset/a6583b0f-fac2-4ac4-ba2c-8e7b9856d858/temi_a_12039969_f0004_ob.jpg)
Human CD4+ T cells are shown in green, human Ki67+ cells in red, and DAPI in blue. Each row is labeled by the virus strain used for infecting the animals. Scale bar, 50 µm
![Fig. 5 Immune activation in splenic tissues of SIVcpz- and HIV-1-infected hu-BLT mice detected using immunofluorescent staining of human CD4 and Ki67.Human CD4+ T cells are shown in green, human Ki67+ cells in red, and DAPI in blue. Each row is labeled by the virus strain used for infecting the animals. Scale bar, 50 µm](/cms/asset/3fddd6ce-6582-4913-9cea-56f611d6c965/temi_a_12039969_f0005_ob.jpg)
Statistical significance is indicated with stars. NS non-significance, ***<0.001
![Fig. 6 Quantification of the percentage of Ki67+ cells within CD4+ T cells in splenic tissues of SIVcpz- and HIV-1-infected hu-BLT mice after immunofluorescent co-staining of human CD4 and Ki67.Statistical significance is indicated with stars. NS non-significance, ***<0.001](/cms/asset/5d97e9bc-f90a-441f-8659-7bd6fd4cff9d/temi_a_12039969_f0006_ob.jpg)
Heat map of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in SIVcpz-infected animals compared with HIV-1-infected animals. Log2 fold change is color coded with a range from less than −5 to greater than 5
![Fig. 7 Functional transcriptome comparison of human CD4+ T cells from spleen tissues of SIVcpz- and HIV-1-infected hu-BLT mice.Heat map of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in SIVcpz-infected animals compared with HIV-1-infected animals. Log2 fold change is color coded with a range from less than −5 to greater than 5](/cms/asset/152166fa-bc12-4538-8a03-9d8d7a501a8d/temi_a_12039969_f0007_ob.jpg)