Relationship between circulating vascular endothelial growth factor and its soluble receptor in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome

Figures & data

Fig. 1 Comparison of VEGF and sVEGFR-2 levels in initial plasma and urine samples in HFRS patients.

VEGF (LEFT) and sVEGFR-2 (RIGHT) were measured in samples obtained in the first week of illness (initial samples). UP: plasma samples; DOWN: urine samples. VEGF and sVEGFR-2 levels are shown as log₁₀ pg/ml. Dashed lines indicate 95% confidence interval levels in the control group. The statistical comparison was made for all patients (regardless of virus) vs. controls

VEGF and sVEGFR-2 levels in plasma and urine samples in HFRS patients

			No. of patients	VEGF		sVEGFR-2
				Median (min–max) [pg/ml]	p	Median (min–max) [pg/ml]	p
Plasma samples
Control group			51	107.1 (35.9−262.8)	0.008	10326 (7800−14,662) 5992 (2872−25,000)	<0.001
HFRS patients			68^a	147.7 (5.3−976.8)
DOBV		All	12	79.8 (18.7−866.0)	NT	4943 (4205−10,641)	NT
		Severe	7	73.6 (18.7−490.0)		4997 (4843−10,641)
		Mild	5	265.3 (60.2−866.0)		4676 (4205−7113)
PUUV		All	56	149.1 (5.3−976.8)		6518 (2872−25,000)
		Severe	15	141.4 (31.4−601.6)	0.172	4311 (3200−20,117)	<0.001
		Mild	41	149.1 (5.3−976.3)		7014 (2872−25,000)
Urine samples
Control group			31	241.3 (20.5−657.7)	0.068	14 (0−25)	<0.001
HFRS patients			21	437.9 (54.6−9821.0)		100 (0−2864)
DOBV		All			NT
		Severe	2	1001 (605.0−1397)		1042 (332−1752)	NT
		Mild
PUUV		All	19	304.6 (54.6−9821)		80 (0−2864)
		Severe	4	1241 (266.0−9821)	NT	1116 (63−2864)	<0.001
		Mild	15	182.1 (54.6−1282)		79 (0−1844)

The initial sample was obtained in the first week of illness. p values indicate comparison between HFRS patients and the control group. PUUV-infected patients with severe disease progression were also compared with the control group

NT not tested statistically. The bold numbers are statistically significant.

^a Two PUUV and three DOBV-infected HFRS patients were hospitalized later in the disease course

Association between VEGF/sVEGFR-2 levels and diuresis/platelet count in serially measured plasma and urine samples from patients with HFRS

	PLASMA		URINE
	log10 VEGF	log10 sVEGFR-2	log10 VEGF	log10 sVEGFR-2
Diuresis [ml]	0.00004 (p < 0.001)	0.0004 (p < 0.001)	−0.0001 (p < 0.001)	−0.0001 (p = 0.001)
Platelet count [10^9/l]	0.0009 (p < 0.001)	0.00004 (p < 0.001)	−0.002 (p = 0.001)	−0.004 (p < 0.001)

Estimated mixed effect regression coefficients for tested parameters with p values are shown. Daily diuresis was measured in 58 HFRS patients and daily platelet count was measured in 71 HFRS patients. For urine samples, mixed effect regression coefficients were tested in 18 patients for diuresis and 21 patients for platelet count

Fig. 2 Kinetics of plasma VEGF and comparison of the kinetics in paired (plasma and urine) samples concomitantly collected; relation to different hantavirus species.

Daily plasma kinetics (LEFT; DOBV [UP], PUUV [DOWN]). Concomitantly collected plasma and urine (RIGHT; DOBV [UP], PUUV [DOWN]) samples were available from 21 patients (19 infected with PUUV, 2 with DOBV). Levels of VEGF are shown as log₁₀ pg/ml. The horizontal line represents mean levels in the control group; dashed lines indicate 95% confidence intervals. Each dot represents one measurement in a tested patient

Fig. 3 Kinetics of plasma sVEGFR-2 and comparison of the kinetics in paired plasma and urine samples concomitantly collected; relation to different hantavirus species.

Daily plasma kinetics (LEFT; DOBV [UP], PUUV [DOWN]). Concomitantly collected plasma and urine (RIGHT; DOBV [UP], PUUV [DOWN]) samples were available from 21 patients (19 with PUUV, 2 with DOBV). Levels of VEGF are shown as log₁₀ pg/ml. The horizontal line represents the mean level in the control group; dashed lines indicate 95% confidence intervals. Each dot represents one measurement in a tested patient