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Emerging Microbes & Infections Volume 7, 2018 - Issue 1
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Original Articles

Antigenic characterization of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses with chicken and ferret antisera reveals clade-dependent variation in hemagglutination inhibition profiles

Diep Thi NguyenNational Center for Veterinary DiagnosticsDepartment of Animal HealthHanoiVietnam;Department of Animal HealthMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Development of VietnamHanoiVietnam;Oxford University Clinical Research UnitHanoiVietnam;Center for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUKCorrespondence[email protected]
,
Samuel S. ShepardInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention30333AtlantaGAUSA
,
David Francis BurkeDepartment of ZoologyCambridge UniversityCambridgeUK
,
Joyce JonesInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention30333AtlantaGAUSA
,
Sharmi ThorInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention30333AtlantaGAUSAORCID Iconhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-0234-5403
ORCID Icon,
Long Van NguyenDepartment of Animal HealthMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Development of VietnamHanoiVietnam
,
Tho Dang NguyenNational Center for Veterinary DiagnosticsDepartment of Animal HealthHanoiVietnam
,
Amanda BalishInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention30333AtlantaGAUSA
,
Dang Nguyen HoangNational Center for Veterinary DiagnosticsDepartment of Animal HealthHanoiVietnam
,
Thanh Long ToDepartment of Animal HealthMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Development of VietnamHanoiVietnam
,
Munir IqbalThe Pirbright InstitutePirbrightUK
,
David E. WentworthInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention30333AtlantaGAUSA
,
Erica SpackmanUnited States Department of AgricultureSoutheast Poultry Research LaboratoryAthensGAUSA
,
H Rogier van DoornOxford University Clinical Research UnitHanoiVietnam;Center for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
,
C. Todd DavisInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention30333AtlantaGAUSACorrespondence[email protected]
&
Juliet E. BryantOxford University Clinical Research UnitHanoiVietnam;Center for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUKCorrespondence[email protected]
 show all
Pages 1-15 | Received 04 Feb 2018, Accepted 18 Apr 2018, Published online: 31 May 2018

Figures & data

Chicken and ferret antisera produced for this study

Fig. 1 Antigenic maps of influenza A(H5N1) HA based on HI immune responses to chicken antisera.

Both vertical and horizontal axes represent antigenic distance. Grid lines represent 1 antigenic distance unit, corresponding to a 2-fold dilution in the HI assay. Different antigenic clusters are indicated with different colors. Filled circles indicate antigens, while open squares indicate antisera

Fig. 1 Antigenic maps of influenza A(H5N1) HA based on HI immune responses to chicken antisera.Both vertical and horizontal axes represent antigenic distance. Grid lines represent 1 antigenic distance unit, corresponding to a 2-fold dilution in the HI assay. Different antigenic clusters are indicated with different colors. Filled circles indicate antigens, while open squares indicate antisera
Fig. 2 Antigenic maps of influenza A(H5N1) HA based on HI immune responses to ferret antisera.

Both vertical and horizontal axes represent antigenic distance. Grid lines represent 1 antigenic distance unit, corresponding to a 2-fold dilution in the HI assay. Different antigenic clusters are indicated with different colors. Filled circles indicate antigens, while open squares indicate antisera

Fig. 2 Antigenic maps of influenza A(H5N1) HA based on HI immune responses to ferret antisera.Both vertical and horizontal axes represent antigenic distance. Grid lines represent 1 antigenic distance unit, corresponding to a 2-fold dilution in the HI assay. Different antigenic clusters are indicated with different colors. Filled circles indicate antigens, while open squares indicate antisera
Fig. 3 Map showing inferred relationships (antigenic distance units) between pairs of chicken and ferret reference antisera raised against the same viruses.

Grid lines represent 1 antigenic distance unit, corresponding to a 2-fold dilution in the HI assay. Different antigenic clusters are indicated with different colors. Filled circles indicate antigens, while open squares indicate antisera. Green arrows with dotted lines indicate chicken and ferret antisera pairs

Fig. 3 Map showing inferred relationships (antigenic distance units) between pairs of chicken and ferret reference antisera raised against the same viruses.Grid lines represent 1 antigenic distance unit, corresponding to a 2-fold dilution in the HI assay. Different antigenic clusters are indicated with different colors. Filled circles indicate antigens, while open squares indicate antisera. Green arrows with dotted lines indicate chicken and ferret antisera pairs
Fig. 4 Antigenic distances between vaccine and challenge viruses plotted against vaccine efficacy (percent survival), as determined by in vivo vaccine challenge experiments.

Each data point represents results from a challenge trial using 10 chickens/challenge virus and survival following intranasal inoculation with a dose of 106 TCID50. Blue diamonds, red squares and green triangles represent chickens vaccinated with Re-1, Re-5 and Re-6, respectively. The challenge viruses used are identified for each group of vaccinated chickens with color-coded text indicating strain name and clade

Fig. 4 Antigenic distances between vaccine and challenge viruses plotted against vaccine efficacy (percent survival), as determined by in vivo vaccine challenge experiments.Each data point represents results from a challenge trial using 10 chickens/challenge virus and survival following intranasal inoculation with a dose of 106 TCID50. Blue diamonds, red squares and green triangles represent chickens vaccinated with Re-1, Re-5 and Re-6, respectively. The challenge viruses used are identified for each group of vaccinated chickens with color-coded text indicating strain name and clade

Viruses used in this study

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Related Research Data

Molecular characterization of a H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus clade 2.3.2.1b circulating in Vietnam in 2011.
Source: Elsevier BV
Evolution of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses in Vietnam between 2001 and 2007.
Source: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) virus populations in Vietnam between 2007 and 2010.
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Mapping the Antigenic and Genetic Evolution of Influenza Virus
Source: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Use of Antigenic Cartography in Vaccine Seed Strain Selection
Source: American Association of Avian Pathologists (AAAP)
Antigenic characterization of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses with chicken and ferret antisera reveals clade-dependent variation in hemagglutination inhibition profiles
Source: Taylor & Francis
Strengthening the influenza vaccine virus selection and development process Report of the 3rd WHO Informal Consultation for Improving Influenza Vaccine Virus Selection held at WHO headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland, 1–3 April 2014
Source: Elsevier BV

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