Risk factors for extrapulmonary dissemination of tuberculosis and associated mortality during treatment for extrapulmonary tuberculosis

Figures & data

Fig. 1 Flowchart of the study population.

TBGIMS Genotyping Information Management System, PTB pulmonary TB, EPTB extrapulmonary TB

Characteristics of tuberculosis patients with pulmonary and extrapulmonary locations in Texas, USA, 2009–2015

Variable	Total	Exclusively PTB	Exclusively EPTB	EPTB with PTB	p-Value
N	9160	7007	1259	894
Age (years)					<0.01
0–4	395 (4.3)	297 (4.2)	63 (5.0)	35 (3.9)
5–14	213 (2.3)	146 (2.1)	43 (3.4)	24 (2.7)
15–24	1048 (11.4)	808 (11.5)	129 (10.2)	111 (12.4)
25–44	3054 (33.3)	2245 (32.1)	498 (39.6)	311 (34.8)
45–64	3015 (33.0)	2403 (34.3)	361 (28.7)	251 (28.1)
≥65	1435 (15.7)	1108 (15.8)	165 (13.1)	162 (18.1)
Gender					<0.01
Male	5954 (65.0)	4684 (66.8)	697 (55.4)	573 (64.1)
Female	3206 (35.0)	2323 (33.2)	562 (45.6)	321 (35.9)
Ethnicity					<0.01
White	1103 (12.0)	911 (13.0)	108 (8.6)	84 (9.4)
Black	1717 (18.7)	1254 (17.9)	262 (20.8)	201 (22.5)
Asian	1517 (16.6)	1052 (15.0)	297 (23.6)	168 (18.8)
Hispanic	4771 (52.1)	3752 (53.6)	587 (46.6)	432 (48.3)
Other	52 (0.6)	38 (0.5)	5 (0.4)	9 (1.0)
HIV status					<0.01
Negative	7128 (77.8)	5518 (78.7)	959 (76.2)	651 (72.9)
Positive	608 (6.7)	409 (5.9)	77 (6.1)	122 (13.6)
Not offered	1424 (15.5)	1080 (15.4)	223 (17.7)	121 (13.5)
Homeless					<0.01
No	8682 (94.8)	6600 (94.2)	1229 (97.6)	853 (95.4)
Yes	478 (5.2)	407 (5.8)	30 (2.4)	41 (4.6)
History of TB contact^a					<0.01
No	8417 (91.9)	6373 (91.0)	1212 (96.3)	832 (93.1)
Yes	743 (8.1)	634 (9.0)	47 (3.7)	62 (6.9)
Excessive alcohol^b					<0.01
No	7494 (81.8)	5633 (80.4)	1138 (90.4)	723 (80.9)
Yes	1666 (18.2)	1374 (19.6)	121 (9.6)	171 (19.1)
Injecting drug use					0.03
No	8930 (97.5)	6819 (97.3)	1241 (98.6)	870 (97.3)
Yes	230 (2.5)	188 (2.7)	18 (1.4)	24 (2.7)
Non-injecting drug use
No	8263 (90.2)	6257 (89.3)	1202 (95.5)	804 (89.9)	<0.01
Yes	897 (9.8)	750 (10.7)	57 (4.5)	90 (10.1)
Origin					0.01
US born	4108 (44.8)	3188 (45.5)	515 (40.9)	405 (45.3)
Foreign born	5052 (55.2)	3819 (54.5)	744 (59.1)	489 (54.7)
Diabetes					<0.01
No	7800 (85.2)	5883 (84.0)	1122 (89.1)	795 (88.9)
Yes	1360 (14.8)	1124 (16.0)	137 (10.9)	99 (11.1)
End-stage renal disease					<0.01
No	9024 (98.5)	6935 (99.0)	1230 (97.7)	859 (96.1)
Yes	136 (1.5)	72 (1.0)	29 (2.3)	35 (3.9)
Immunosuppression					0.01
No	8936 (97.6)	6854 (97.8)	1217 (96.7)	865 (96.8)
Yes	224 (2.4)	153 (2.2)	42 (3.3)	29 (3.2)
Previous TB					0.08
No	8819 (96.3)	6733 (96.1)	1226 (97.4)	860 (96.2)
Yes	341 (3.7)	274 (3.9)	33 (2.6)	34 (3.8)
Inmate of a correctional facility					<0.01
No	8210 (89.6)	6161 (87.9)	1192 (94.7)	857 (95.9)
Yes	950 (10.4)	846 (2.1)	67 (5.3)	37 (4.1)
Resident of long-term care facility					0.56
No	9046 (98.8)	6921 (98.8)	1240 (98.5)	885 (99.0)
Yes	114 (1.2)	86 (1.2)	19 (1.5)	9 (1.0)
Specimen smear					<0.01
Negative	4097 (44.7)	2832 (40.4)	707 (56.2)	558 (62.4)
Positive	3585 (39.1)	3423 (48.9)	5 (0.4)	157 (17.6)
Not done/Unknown	1478 (16.1)	752 (10.7)	547 (43.4)	179 (20.0)
Specimen culture					<0.01
Negative	2449 (26.7)	1462 (20.9)	669 (53.1)	318 (35.6)
Positive	5185 (56.6)	4782 (68.2)	17 (1.4)	386 (43.2)
Not done/Unknown	1526 (16.7)	763 (10.9)	573 (45.5)	190 (21.3)
Chest radiography					<0.01
Abnormal	7694 (84.0)	6485 (92.6)	448 (35.6)	761 (85.1)
Normal	1024 (11.2)	233 (3.3)	700 (55.6)	91 (10.2)
Not done/Unknown	442 (4.8)	289 (4.1)	111 (8.8)	42 (4.7)
Radiographic cavity					<0.01
No	5140 (56.1)	4031 (57.5)	437 (34.7)	672 (75.2)
Yes	2540 (27.7)	2441 (34.8)	11 (0.9)	88 (9.8)
Unknown	1480 (16.2)	535 (7.7)	811 (64.4)	134 (15.0)
DST profile					0.11
None to RIF/INH	6183 (67.5)	4902 (70.0)	684 (54.3)	597 (66.8)
RIF or INH	512 (5.6)	420 (6.0)	44 (3.5)	48 (5.4)
MDR	69 (0.7)	63 (0.8)	5 (0.4)	1 (0.1)
XDR	2 (0.1)	2 (0.1)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Unavailable	2394 (26.1)	1620 (23.1)	526 (41.8)	248 (27.7)
Global Mtb Lineage					<0.01
Indo-Oceanic L1	634 (6.9)	483 (6.9)	93 (7.4)	58 (6.5)
East Asian L2	1121 (12.2)	918 (13.1)	98 (7.8)	105 (11.7)
East African-Indian L3	174 (1.9)	115 (1.6)	37 (2.9)	22 (2.5)
Euro-American L4	4344 (47.4)	3569 (50.9)	376 (29.9)	399 (44.6)
M. bovis	105 (1.1)	52 (0.8)	36 (2.9)	17 (1.9)
Other	28 (0.3)	12 (0.2)	8 (0.6)	8 (0.9)
Unknown	2754 (30.2)	1858 (26.5)	611 (48.5)	285 (31.9)
Death at time of diagnosis					0.04
No	8964 (97.9)	6870 (98.0)	1220 (96.9)	874 (97.8)
Yes	196 (2.1)	137 (2.0)	39 (3.1)	20 (2.2)
Death during TB treatment					<0.01
No	8610 (94.0)	6592 (94.1)	1209 (96.0)	809 (90.5)
Yes	551 (6.0)	416 (5.9)	50 (4.0)	85 (9.5)

PTB pulmonary tuberculosis, EPTB extrapulmonary tuberculosis, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, RIF rifampin, INH isoniazid, MDR multidrug resistant, XDR extensively drug resistant. Differences across groups were compared using the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate

^aPatients with a history of contact with a known TB index case within 2 years

^bExcessive alcohol use within the past 12 months

Fig. 2 Distribution of extrapulmonary tuberculosis by site and associated mortality.

a Distribution of extrapulmonary sites in patients with concurrent pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) or exclusively extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). b Mortality distribution by extrapulmonary sites in patients with exclusively EPTB

Multivariable analyses of patients’ characteristics with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Texas, USA, 2009–2015

Characteristics	Exclusively EPTB vs. exclusively PTB		EPTB with PTB vs. exclusively PTB		Any EPTB vs. exclusively PTB
	OR (95% CI)	^aOR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	^aOR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	^aOR (95% CI)
Age (years)
0–4	(reference)	(reference)	(reference)	(reference)	(reference)	(reference)
5–14	1.42 (1.04–1.96)	1.19 (0.85–1.68)	0.81 (0.55–1.19)	0.96 (0.62–1.49)	1.12 (0.86–1.50)	0.97 (0.74–1.28)
15–24	1.98 (1.356–2.88)	2.33 (1.56–3.46)	1.12 (0.71–1.79)	1.23 (0.76–1.99)	1.56 (1.14–2.13)	1.33 (0.96–1.84)
25–44	1.07 (0.837–1.37)	1.10 (0.85–1.42)	0.90 (0.73–1.22)	0.93 (0.71–1.21)	1.01 (0.83–1.22)	0.97 (0.80–1.18)
45–64	1.49 (1.232–1.80)	1.57 (1.29–1.91)	0.95 (0.77–1.16)	0.80 (0.67–1.03)	1.22 (1.05–1.42)	1.13 (0.72–1.32)
≥65	1.01 (0.828–1.23)	1.22 (0.99–1.49)	0.71 (0.58–0.88)	0.67 (0.54–0.83)	0.86 (0.74–1.01)	1.06 (0.91–1.24)
Gender (female)	1.36 (1.20–1.54)	1.42 (1.26–1.62)	1.12 (0.96–1.30)	1.16 (1.00–1.36)	1.41 (1.27–1.55)	1.32 (1.19–1.46)
Ethnicity
White	(reference)	(reference)	(reference)	(reference)	(reference)	(reference)
Black	0.84 (0.33–2.15)	0.92 (0.35–2.38)	0.39 (0.18–0.83)	0.37 (0.17–0.80)	0.57 (0.30–1.08)	0.53 (0.28–1.01)
Asian	0.76 (0.61–0.94)	0.80 (0.63–1.02)	0.68 (0.32–1.42)	0.57 (0.17–1.20)	1.00 (0.54–1.87)	0.87 (0.46–1.63)
Hispanic	1.34 (1.14–1.57)	1.34 (1.12–1.60)	0.67 (0.32–1.42)	0.67 (0.31–1.45)	1.20 (0.64–2.24)	1.03 (0.54–1.95)
Other	1.81 (1.55–2.11)	1.57 (1.34–1.85)	0.49 (0.23–1.01)	0.48 (0.23–1.02)	0.74 (0.40–1.37)	0.68 (0.37–1.28)
Homeless	0.56 (0.38–0.83)	0.57 (0.40–0.84)	0.78 (0.56–1.08)	0.70 (0.50–1.00)	0.55 (0.43–0.72)	0.65 (0.49–0.85)
History of TB contact^a	0.39 (0.29–0.53)	0.28 (0.21–0.39)	0.75 (0.57–0.98)	0.71 (0.53–0.96)	0.54 (0.44–0.66)	0.44 (0.35–0.55)
Excessive alcohol^b	0.61 (0.49–0.75)	0.60 (0.48–0.74)	1.12 (0.91–1.38)	1.03 (0.84–1.26)	0.64 (0.56–0.74)	0.78 (0.67–0.91)
Injecting drug use	1.08 (0.64–1.82)	1.04 (0.62–1.76)	1.00 (0.63–1.60)	0.96 (0.60–1.53)	0.72 (0.52–1.01)	1.01 (0.70–1.46)
Non-injecting drug use	0.53 (0.39–0.72)	0.52 (0.40–0.71)	0.87 (0.67–1.14)	0.85 (0.65–1.11)	0.61 (0.51–0.74)	0.68 (0.55–0.84)
Diabetes	0.63 (0.51–0.77)	0.61 (0.50–0.74)	0.65 (0.51–0.82)	0.61 (0.49–0.77)	0.64 (0.56–0.75)	0.61 (0.52–0.71)
HIV^c	1.14 (0.87–1.49)	1.20 (0.92–1.55)	2.65 (2.10–3.35)	2.57 (2.05–3.21)	1.64 (1.38–1.96)	1.77 (1.47–2.13)
Immunosuppression	1.44 (0.10–2.07)	1.36 (0.95–1.95)	1.20 (0.78–1.83)	1.15 (0.75–1.76)	1.53 (1.15–2.03)	1.31 (1.00–1.77)
ESRD	2.51 (1.58–3.99)	2.59 (1.63–4.17)	4.30 (2.78–6.64)	4.45 (2.88–6.86)	3.32 (2.33–4.75)	3.42 (2.39–4.88)
Foreign born	1.04 (0.89–1.22)	0.92 (0.80–1.06)	1.06 (0.89–1.28)	0.99 (0.85–1.17)	1.05 (0.93–1.20)	0.95 (0.85–1.06)
Previous TB	0.68 (0.47–1.00)	0.69 (0.47–1.01)	0.99 (0.68–1.43)	0.95 (0.66–1.38)	0.81 (0.61–1.07)	0.80 (0.61–1.06)

EPTB extrapulmonary tuberculosis, PTB pulmonary tuberculosis, OR odds ratio, ^aOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, ESRD end-stage renal disease, TB, tuberculosis

^aPatients with a history of contact with a known TB index case within 2 years

^bExcessive alcohol use within the past 12 months

^cHIV unknown categorized as negative

Significant odds ratios (p<0.005) are in bold

Risk factors associated with subsites of exclusively extrapulmonary tuberculosis compared to pulmonary tuberculosis in Texas, USA, 2009–2015

Characteristics	Pleural (n = 198)	Lymphatic (n = 407)	Bone (n = 154)	Genitourinary (n = 65)	Peritoneal (n = 71)	Meningeal (n = 94)	Others (n = 212)
	^aOR (95% CI)	^aOR (95% CI)	^aOR (95% CI)	^aOR (95% CI)	^aOR (95% CI)	^aOR (95% CI)	^aOR (95% CI)
Age (≥45 years)	1.04 (0.76–1.40)	0.56 (0.44–0.71)	1.47 (1.04–2.08)	1.00 (0.60–1.68)	1.06 (0.64–1.74)	0.75 (0.48–1.17)	1.06 (0.79–1.42)
Gender (female)	0.91 (0.67–1.25)	2.04 (1.66–2.51)	0.69 (0.48–0.99)	1.44 (0.87–2.40)	1.96 (1.20–3.21)	1.22 (0.79–1.88)	1.39 (1.05–1.86)
Ethnicity (White)	0.73 (0.46–1.14)	0.47 (0.29–0.77)	1.14 (0.69–1.88)	1.26 (0.50–3.22)	0.62 (0.23–1.63)	0.82 (0.39–1.72)	0.77 (0.45–1.30)
Homeless	0.90 (0.48–1.68)	0.29 (0.09–0.92)	0.54 (0.19–1.50)	0.47 (0.06–3.57)	0.69 (0.16–2.95)	0.38 (0.09–1.63)	0.72 (0.29–1.82)
Excessive alcohol^a	1.17 (0.80–1.71)	0.38 (0.23–0.63)	0.42 (0.23–0.75)	0.82 (0.35–1.90)	1.50 (0.77–2.95)	0.54 (0.26–1.14)	0.30 (0.16–0.57)
Injecting drug use	0.91 (0.35–2.34)	0.63 (0.15–2.68)	0.87 (0.20–3.79)	5.26 (1.10–25.36)	0.80 (0.10–6.36)	2.20 (0.60–8.05)	0.84 (0.20–3.62)
Non-injecting drug use	0.82 (0.49–1.38)	0.37 (0.18–0.74)	0.70 (0.33–1.53)	0.12 (0.02–1.05)	0.58 (0.19–1.76)	0.39 (0.14–1.07)	0.58 (0.27–1.24)
Diabetes	0.68 (0.43–1.07)	0.35 (0.23–0.54)	0.92 (0.60–1.42)	0.54 (0.24–1.22)	0.71 (0.35–1.44)	0.51 (0.23–1.13)	0.84 (0.56–1.26)
HIV^b	0.62 (0.30–1.28)	1.20 (0.74–1.95)	0.54 (0.19–1.50)	0.64 (0.15–2.66)	1.13 (0.40–3.17)	5.73 (3.43–9.56)	1.52 (0.86–2.68)
Immunosuppression	0.80 (0.28–2.23)	0.88 (0.41–1.90)	2.54 (1.30–4.97)	1.57 (0.36–6.78)	2.29 (0.77–6.85)	1.79 (0.62–5.12)	0.95 (0.38–2.38)
ESRD	2.74 (1.06–7.10)	2.96 (1.28–6.87)	4.05 (1.82–8.98)	1.72 (0.22–13.32)	3.56 (1.01–12.56)	–	1.40 (0.43–4.61)
Foreign born	1.77 (1.31–2.41)	0.88 (0.71–1.10)	0.98 (0.68–1.40)	0.37 (0.19–0.70)	0.70 (0.41–1.18)	0.97 (0.62–1.51)	0.84 (0.62–1.14)
Previous TB	0.27 (0.07–1.10)	0.80 (0.43–1.49)	1.37 (0.63–2.98)	1.20 (0.37–3.89)	0.37 (0.05–2.70)	0.76 (0.24–2.43)	0.52 (0.20–1.43)

^aOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, ESRD end-stage renal disease

Analysis excluded subjects with multiple subsite involvement (n = 57) and laryngeal sites (n = 3)

^aExcessive alcohol use within the past 12 months

^bHIV unknown categorized as negative

Significant odds ratios (p<0.005) are in bold

Risk factors for mortality during anti-tuberculosis treatment in patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Texas, USA, 2009–2015

Variable	Treatment completed (n = 1061)	Died during treatment (n = 50)	Mortality risk (%)	Crude OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted p-Value
Age (years)
0–14	105 (9.9%)	0 (0.0%)	0.0%	–
15–24	116 (10.9%)	2 (4.0%)	1.7%	(reference)
25–44	438 (41.3%)	9 (18.0%)	2.0%	1.19 (0.25, 5.59)
45–64	292 (27.5%)	17 (34.0%)	5.5%	3.38 (0.77, 14.85)
≥65	110 (10.4%)	22 (44.0%)	16.7%	11.60 (2.66, 50.49)
Age (years)
<45	659 (62.1%)	11 (22.0%)	1.6%	(reference)	(reference)
≥45	402 (37.9%)	39 (78.0%)	8.8%	5.81 (2.94, 11.48)	3.75 (1.71, 8.22)	0.001
Gender
Female	491 (46.3%)	20 (40.0%)	3.9%	(reference)
Male	570 (53.7%)	30 (60.0%)	5.0%	1.29 (0.72, 2.30)
Race
White	84 (7.9%)	9 (18.0%)	9.7%	(reference)
Black	209 (19.7%)	11 (22.0%)	5.0%	0.49 (0.20, 1.23)
Hispanic	501 (47.2%)	24 (48.0%)	4.6%	0.45 (0.20, 1.00)
Asian	262 (24.7%)	6 (12.0%)	2.2%	0.21 (0.07, 0.62)
Other	5 (0.5%)	0 (0.0%)	0.0%	1.00 (0.00, 0.00)
Race
Non-White	977 (92.1%)	41 (82.0%)	4.0%	(reference)
White	84 (7.9%)	9 (18.0%)	9.7%	2.55 (1.20, 5.43)
HIV status
Negative	847 (79.8%)	21 (42.0%)	2.4%	(reference)	(reference)
Positive	53 (5.0%)	6 (12.0%)	10.2%	4.57 (1.77, 11.79)	4.70 (1.54, 14.32)	0.01
Unknown	161 (15.2%)	23 (46.0%)	12.5%	5.76 (3.11, 10.66)	6.55 (3.19, 13.44)	<0.001
Homeless
No	1040 (98.0%)	46 (92.0%)	4.2%	(reference)	(reference)
Yes	21 (2.0%)	4 (8.0%)	16.0%	4.31 (1.42, 13.06)	1.57 (0.40, 6.17)	0.52
Excessive alcohol use
No	973 (91.7%)	37 (74.0%)	3.7%	(reference)	(reference)
Yes	88 (8.3%)	13 (26.0%)	12.9%	3.88 (1.99, 7.58)	3.34 (1.45, 7.67)	0.01
Injecting drug use
No	1050 (99.0%)	48 (96.0%)	4.4%	(reference)
Yes	11 (1.0%)	2 (4.0%)	15.4%	3.98 (0.86, 18.44)
Foreign born
No	415 (39.1%)	29 (58.0%)	6.5%	(reference)
Yes	646 (60.9%)	21 (42.0%)	3.1%	0.47 (0.26, 0.83)
Diabetes
No	948 (89.3%)	40 (80.0%)	4.0%	(reference)	(reference)
Yes	113 (10.7%)	10 (20.0%)	8.1%	2.10 (1.02, 4.31)	1.55 (0.65, 3.69)	0.32
End-stage renal disease
No	1043 (98.3%)	44 (88.0%)	4.0%	(reference)	(reference)
Yes	18 (1.7%)	6 (12.0%)	25.0%	7.90 (2.99, 20.88)	4.45 (1.38, 14.33)	0.01
Immunosuppression (medical condition or medication)
No	1027 (96.8%)	44 (88.0%)	4.1%
Yes	34 (3.2%)	6 (12.0%)	15.0%	4.12 (1.64, 10.32)
Previous TB
No	1033 (97.4%)	50 (100.0%)	4.6%	–
Yes	28 (2.6%)	0 (0.0%)	0.0%
Inmate of a correctional facility
No	967 (94.8%)	48 (98.0%)	4.7%	(reference)
Yes	53 (5.2%)	1 (2.0%)	1.9%	0.38 (0.05, 2.81)
Resident of long-term care facility
No	1048 (98.8%)	47 (94.0%)	4.3%	(reference)	(reference)
Yes	13 (1.2%)	3 (6.0%)	18.8%	5.15 (1.42, 18.67)	2.15 (0.50, 9.26)	0.31
AFB smear
Negative	627 (99.4%)	17 (94.4%)	2.6%	(reference)
Positive	4 (0.6%)	1 (5.6%)	20.0%	9.22 (0.98, 86.93)
Culture
Negative	602 (97.6%)	12 (92.3%)	2.0%	(reference)
Positive	15 (2.4%)	1 (7.7%)	6.3%	3.34 (0.41, 27.40)
TB-CXR
No	611 (62.8%)	15 (33.3%)	2.4%	(reference)	(reference)
Yes	362 (37.2%)	30 (66.7%)	7.7%	3.38 (1.79, 6.36)	2.18 (1.09, 4.35)	0.03
Cavitation on CXR
No	354 (97.8%)	30 (100.0%)	7.8%	–
Yes	8 (2.2%)	0 (0.0%)	0.0%
DST profile
Sensitive to RIF and INH	560 (52.8%)	40 (80.0%)	6.7%
Resistant to RIF or INH	39 (3.7%)	0 (0.0%)	0.0%
MDR-TB	3 (0.3%)	0 (0.0%)	0.0%	(reference)
Unavailable	459 (43.3%)	10 (20.0%)	2.1%	0.31 (0.15, 0.62)
Genotyping lineage
Indo-Oceanic (L1)	80 (7.5%)	4 (8.0%)	4.8%	0.79 (0.20, 3.05)
East Asian (L2)	79 (7.4%)	5 (10.0%)	6.0%	(reference)
East African-Indian (L3)	35 (3.3%)	1 (2.0%)	2.8%	0.45 (0.05, 4.01)
Euro-American (L4)	300 (28.3%)	27 (54.0%)	8.3%	1.42 (0.53, 3.81)
M. bovis	27 (2.5%)	3 (6.0%)	10.0%	1.76 (0.39, 7.84)
Other	8 (0.8%)	0 (0.0%)	0.0%	1.00 (0.00, 0.00)
Unknown	532 (50.1%)	10 (20.0%)	1.8%	0.30 (0.10, 0.89)
Genotyping lineage
Not East Asian	354 (97.8%)	30 (100.0%)	7.8%	(reference)	(reference)
East Asian (L2)	8 (2.2%)	0 (0.0%)	0.0%	1.38 (0.53, 3.58)	1.58 (0.53, 4.74)	0.42

TB tuberculosis, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, TB-CXR tuberculosis chest X-ray, DST drug susceptibility test, RIF rifampin, INH isoniazid, MDR-TB multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, OR odds ratios

Analysis was performed on 1111 patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis only and having treatment outcome information available