Identification and genetic characterization of a novel parvovirus associated with serum hepatitis in horses in China

Figures & data

Information regarding the equine serum samples in our study

Farm	n	Sex^a M/F/G	Average age^b (range)	Breeds (n)	EqPV	EqHV	EPgV	TDAV
A	16	0/10/6	3.4(1–6)	Mixed breed (15); Akhal-teke horse (1)	2(12.5%)	3(18.8%)	0 (0%)	0(0%)
B	14	0/1/13	10(8–13)	Thoroughbred (14)	1(7.1%)	7(50.0%)	0 (0%)	0(0%)
C	29	1/0/28	10.1(6–18)	Thoroughbred (22); Warmblood (7)	7(24.1%)	5(17.2%)	1(3.4%)	0(0%)
D	30	2/6/22	13.8(3–21)	Thoroughbred (7); Warmblood (14); Pony (6); Arabian horse (3)	3(10%)	6(20.0%)	2(6.7%)	0(0%)
E	54	2/6/46	13.1(2–20)	Thoroughbred (22); Warmblood (16); Pony (15); Mixed breed (1)	4(7.4%)	11(20.4%)	0 (0%)	0(0%)
Total	143	5/23/115	11.3(1–21)	Thoroughbred (65); Warmblood (37); Pony (21); Mixed breed (16); Arabian horse (3); Akhal-teke horse (1)	17(11.9%)	32(22.4%)	3(2.1%)	0(0%)

^aM/F/G: male/female/gelding

^bAge in years

Information regarding the equine serum samples containing EqPV-H DNA in our study

Farm	Equine ID	Sex^a M/F/G	Age^b	Breed	Co-infection^c
					EqHV	EPgV
A	A3^d	G	3	Mixed breed
	A11	F	4	Mixed breed
B	B14	G	12	Thoroughbred	+
C	C3	G	18	Thoroughbred
	C4	G	8	Warmblood	+
	C11^d	G	12	Warmblood	+
	C14^d	G	17	Thoroughbred
	C16	G	10	Thoroughbred
	C22	G	10	Thoroughbred	+
	C24	G	7	Thoroughbred	+	+
D	D4^d	G	21	Thoroughbred	+	+
	D9	G	13	Warmblood
	D29	M	12	Warmblood		+
E	E15	G	11	Thoroughbred	+
	E35^d	G	10	Pony
	E36^d	G	19	Pony	+
	E38	G	12	Thoroughbred	+

^aM/F/G: male/female/gelding

^bAge in years

^cCo-infection indicated by “+”

^dThe EqPV-H genome was sequenced

Nucleotide (upper right) and amino acid (bottom left) similarity of the NS coding sequence between the Chinese EqPV-H strains and other members of the genus Copiparvovirus

	BPV2	Sesavirus	PPV4	PPV5	PPV6	EqPV-CSF	BCT-01	A3	C11	C14	D4	E35	E36
BPV2		45.2	48.6	50.0	45.0	51.2	45.8	45.6	45.8	45.7	45.9	46.1	46.0
Sesavirus	27.7		41.9	41.5	41.1	44.2	41.3	41.5	41.2	41.2	41.5	41.3	41.3
PPV4	36.6	27.5		78.5	58.2	44.2	45.5	46.0	45.7	45.8	45.8	46.0	46.0
PPV5	36.0	28.0	85.4		57.5	47.0	45.2	45.7	45.1	45.2	45.5	45.8	45.7
PPV6	34.1	28.0	59.0	57.7		40.8	42.5	42.7	43.1	43.2	42.7	42.9	42.7
EqPV-CSF	30.1	28.2	31.1	31.9	29.3		43.1	43.4	43.0	43.0	43.2	43.4	43.4
BCT-01	32.8	27.5	33.6	34.4	33.6	29.3		98.4	97.2	97.5	98.9	98.8	98.7
A3	32.6	27.3	33.8	34.8	33.6	29.5	99.2		97.0	97.4	98.7	98.9	98.8
C11	32.8	27.5	34.0	34.4	33.3	29.5	98.1	98.3		99.2	97.1	97.3	97.1
C14	33.0	27.5	33.8	34.4	33.3	29.3	98.5	98.7	99.7		97.8	97.8	97.6
D4	32.8	27.3	33.6	34.4	33.3	29.3	99.2	99.3	98.3	98.7		98.9	98.8
E35	32.8	27.5	34.0	34.8	33.6	29.5	98.7	99.2	98.1	98.5	98.8		99.7
E36	32.8	27.5	33.8	34.6	33.4	29.3	99.0	99.5	98.1	98.5	99.2	99.7

BPV bovine parvovirus, PPV porcine parvovirus

Nucleotide (upper right) and amino acid (bottom left) similarity of the VP coding sequence between the Chinese EqPV-H strains and other members of the genus Copiparvovirus

	BPV2	Sesavirus	PPV4	PPV5	PPV6	EqPV-CSF	BCT-01	A3	C11	C14	D4	E35	E36
BPV2		45.9	44.2	42.3	39.0	46.2	39.4	39.2	39.2	39.2	39.4	39.2	39.2
Sesavirus	25.5		45.2	42.8	43.7	43.9	41.4	41.4	41.3	41.4	41.5	41.1	41.0
PPV4	32.8	37.4		61.1	48.1	42.6	46.2	46.1	46.0	46.4	46.4	46.5	46.5
PPV5	29.1	30.2	54.4		45.0	39.1	45.2	45.2	45.5	45.5	45.4	45.4	45.5
PPV6	26.4	31.4	42.8	37.4		36.8	40.9	40.3	40.5	40.6	40.2	40.9	40.8
EqPV-CSF	28.5	28.9	33.9	29.4	25.9		37.4	37.4	37.3	37.5	37.7	37.6	37.5
BCT-01	28.3	32.4	34.8	30.4	30.5	27.9		98.2	97.6	97.7	98.0	96.8	97.0
A3	28.3	32.0	34.5	30.3	30.4	28.2	97.5		97.5	97.8	98.6	96.7	96.9
C11	28.1	32.5	34.8	30.5	30.3	28.0	96.8	96.3		98.4	97.4	97.1	97.1
C14	27.9	32.4	34.7	30.3	30.4	27.8	97.1	96.7	96.4		98.9	97.4	97.5
D4	27.9	32.3	34.7	30.4	30.3	27.7	97.1	97.4	96.0	99.3		97.0	97.1
E35	27.8	32.4	35.0	30.1	30.1	27.8	97.2	96.5	96.5	96.8	96.8		99.3
E36	27.9	32.4	34.8	30.3	30.3	27.8	97.5	96.8	96.2	96.9	96.9	98.5

BPV bovine parvovirus, PPV porcine parvovirus

Fig. 1 Phylogenetic analysis of Chinese EqPV-H strains based on the NS protein.

The Chinese EqPV-H strains, BCT-01, and EqPV-CSF are indicated by a fixed circle, an open circle, and a triangle, respectively