Evaluation of the Jönköping dental fear coping model: a patient perspective

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flow chart illustrating the intervention study; Period I: ‘Conventional care’ and Period II: ‘Intervention’ (DFCM-guided treatment).

Table 1. Background data for patients participating in periods I and II: gender, dental fear according to DAQ and IDAF-4C+, reason for dental visit, and age.

	Conventional care (Period 1)		DFCM treatment (Period II)
	n	%	n	%	p
Gender
Male	608	46.4	652	46.0	.878^a
Female	703	53.6	764	54.0
Dental fear DAQ
No	867	66.0	1093	77.2	<.001^b
A little	259	19.7	167	11.8
Yes, quite (afraid)	122	9.3	90	6.4
Yes, very (afraid)	66	5.0	66	4.7
Dental fear IDAF
No-little	927	71.5	1156	81.6	<.001^b
Low	252	19.4	150	10.6
Moderate	71	5.5	74	5.2
High	47	3.6	36	2.5
Reason for dental visit
Do not know	148	11.3	357	25.2	<.001^a
Dental examination	348	29.2	416	29.4
Dental treatment	783	59.5	643	45.4
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Age	50.9	17.2	51.1	17.9	.758^c

^a Fisher’s exact test.

^b Exact linear-by-linear association.

^c Mann–Whitney U-test.

Table 2. Patient-reported outcomes for discomfort, pain, tension, and patient satisfaction with dental health professionals (Patient Attitude Scale = PAS) in relation to periods I and II.

	Conventional care	DFCM treatment
	(Period I)	(Period II)
	(n = 1351)	(n = 1417)
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	p value^a	Difference between periods I and II Mean (95 % CI)
	Median (Min; Max)	Median (Min; Max)
	n	n
Discomfort	1.0 (1.5)	0.9 (1.5)	.596	0.035 (−0.081; 0.149)
	0.3 (0.0; 10.0)	0.3 (0.0; 10.0)
	n = 1297	n = 1390
Pain	1.2 (1.7)	1.1 (1.7)	.226	0.079 (−0.051; 0.210)
	0.4 (0.0; 10.0)	0.5 (0.0; 10.0)
	n = 1298	n = 1389
Tension	2.0 (2.4)	1.7 (2.3)	.041	0.209 (0.032; 0.385)
	1.0 (0.0; 10.0)	0.8 (0.0; 10.0)
	n = 1296	n = 1389
PAS total score	33.3 (2.6)	33.5 (2.0)	.251	−0.186 (−0.366; −0.012)
	34.0 (10.0; 46.0)	34.0 (18.0; 46.0)
	n = 1227	n = 1354
PAS profession^b	3.9 (0.4)	3.9 (0.3)	.057	−0.043 (−0.070; −0.016)
	4.0 (1.0; 4.5)	4.0 (1.0; 4.5)
	n = 1254	n = 1372
PAS person^c	3.0 (0.3)	3.0 (0.2)	.693	−0.002 (−0.024; 0.018)
	3.0 (1.0; 5.0)	3.0 (1.7; 5.0)
	n = 1240	n = 1369

^a Mann–Whitney U-test.

^b PAS profession = Patient Attitude Scale – The professional’s skills.

^c PAS person = Patient Attitude Scale – The professional’s interpersonal qualities.

Table 3. Patient-reported discomfort, pain, tension, satisfaction with health professionals (Patient Attitude Scale = PAS) in relation to dental fear (DAQ, IDAF-4C+), gender, and cause of dental visit in periods I and II.

Outcome	Subgroup	Conventional care (Period I)	DFCM treatment (Period II)	p value^a
		Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)		Difference between groupsMean (95 % CI)
		Median (Min; Max)	Median (Min; Max)
		n	n
Discomfort	IDAF
	No-little	0.6 (1.1)	0.7 (1.2)	.18	−0.087 (−0.183; 0.010)
		0.2 (0.0; 7.3)	0.3 (0.0; 9.7)
		n = 916	n = 1135
	Low	1.4 (1.9)	1.3 (1.7)	.48	0.095 (−0.277; 0.460)
		0.6 (0.0; 10.0)	0.5 (0.0; 7.4)
		n = 244	n = 147
	Moderate	2.2 (2.2)	2.0 (2.5)	.36	0.255 (−0.560; 0.953)
		1.7 (0.0; 8.4)	0.9 (0.0; 10.0)
		n = 70	n = 72
	High	2.6 (2.7)	2.9 (3.1)	.92	−0.302 (−1.613; 0.973)
		1.6 (0.0; 10.0)	1.8 (0.0; 10.0)
		n = 45	n = 36
	Gender
	Male	0.8 (1.3)	0.8 (1.3)	.42	−0.020 (−0.164; 0.126)
		0.3 (0.0; 10.0)	0.3 (0.0; 10.0)
		n = 599	n = 639
	Female	1.1 (1.7)	1.0 (1.6)	.13	0.094 (−0.076; 0.264)
		0.4 (0.0; 10.0)	0.3 (0.0; 10.0)
		n = 688	n = 751
	Cause of dental visit
	Do not know	0.9 (1.7)	1.1 (1.8)	.18	−0.193 (−0.509; 0.145)
		0.3 (0.0; 10.0)	0.4 (0.0; 10.0)
		n = 144	n = 339
	Dental examination	0.7 (1.3)	0.8 (1.3)	.34	−0.045 (−0.225; 0.144)
		0.2 (0.0; 7.6)	0.2 (0.0; 10.0)
		n = 379	n = 416
	Dental treatment	1.1 (1.6)	0.9 (1.4)	.033	0.170 (0.018; 0.324)
		0.4 (0.0; 10.0)	0.3 (0.0; 9.0)
		n = 769	n = 635
Pain	IDAF
	No-little	0.9 (1.4)	1.0 (1.5)	.35	−0.046 (−0.174; 0.083)
		0.3 (0.0; 9.3)	0.4 (0.0; 10.0)
		n = 915	n = 1134
	Low	1.8 (2.1)	1.4 (2.0)	.014	0.345 (−0.080; 0.756)
		1.1 (0.0; 10.0)	0.5 (0.0; 10.0)
		n = 245	n = 147
	Moderate	1.9 (2.2)	2.0 (2.5)	.77	−0.067 (−0.849; 0.696)
		1.1 (0.0; 7.9)	0.9 (0.0; 10.0)
		n = 70	n = 72
	High	2.2 (2.7)	2.1 (2.5)	.87	0.066 (−1.045; 1.183)
		1.0 (0.0; 10.0)	0.8 (0.0; 9.4)
		n = 46	n = 36
	Gender
	Male	1.2 (1.8)	1.1 (1.7)	.32	0.138 (−0.054; 0.333)
		0.4 (0.0; 10.0)	0.4 (0.0; 10.0)
		n = 598	n = 639
	Female	1.2 (1.7)	1.1 (1.7)	.45	0.030 (−0.145; 0.207)
		0.4 (0.0; 10.0)	0.5 (0.0; 10.0)
		n = 690	n = 750
	Cause of dental visit
	Do not know	1.3 (1.9)	1.4 (1.9)	.73	−0.089 (−0.455; 0.295)
		0.4 (0.0; 10.0)	0.6 (0.0; 10.0)
		n = 145	n = 339
	Dental examination	0.9 (1.5)	0.9 (1.6)	.48	−0.014 (−0.220; 0.202)
		0.3 (0.0; 10.0)	0.3 (0.0; 10.0)
		n = 380	n = 416
	Dental treatment	1.3 (1.8)	1.1 (1.6)	.016	0.219 (0.038; 0.398)
		0.5 (0.0; 10.0)	0.5 (0.0; 10.0)
		n = 768	n = 634
Tension	IDAF
	No-little	1.1 (1.5)	1.2 (1.6)	.25	−0.100 (−0.232; 0.033)
		0.5 (0.0; 10.0)	0.6 (0.0; 10.0)
		n = 915	n = 1134
	Low	3.3 (2.5)	3.1 (2.5)	.42	0.213 (−0.307; 0.726)
		2.8 (0.0; 10.0)	2.7 (0.0; 10.0)
		n = 245	n = 147
	Moderate	5.1 (2.8)	5.5 (3.1)	.38	−0.394 (−1.350; 0.572)
		4.8 (0.0; 10.0)	5.8 (0.0; 10.0)
		n = 70	n = 72
	High	7.2 (2.7)	6.1 (2.6)	.08	1.050 (−0.090; 2.220)
		7.9 (2.4; 10.0)	6.2 (1.9; 10.0)
		n = 45	n = 36
	Gender
	Male	1.4 (1.9)	1.4 (1.9)	.45	0.037 (−0.173; 0.251)
		0.7 (0.0; 10.0)	0.7 (0.0; 10.0)
		n = 598	n = 637
	Female	2.4 (2.8)	2.0 (2.5)	.028	0.359 (0.090; 0.630)
		1.4 (0.0; 10.0)	1.1 (0.0; 10.0)
		n = 688	n = 752
	Cause of dental visit
	Do not know	2.1 (2.7)	2.2 (2.6)	.29	−0.151 (−0.648; 0.379)
		1.0 (0.0; 10.0)	1.3 (0.0; 10.0)
		n = 144	n = 340
	Dental examination	1.7 (2.3)	1.4 (2.0)	.13	0.347 (0.046; 0.659)
		0.8 (0.0; 10.0)	0.6 (0.0; 10.0)
		n = 378	n = 416
	Dental treatment	2.0 (2.5)	1.7 (2.2)	.012	0.319 (0.074; 0.559)
		1.1 (0.0; 10.0)	0.9 (0.0; 10.0)
		n = 769	n = 634
PAS total score	IDAF
	No-little	33.4 (2.4)	33.5 (1.8)	.55	−0.152 (−0.348; 0.037)
		34.0 (10.0; 46.0)	34.0 (22.0; 46.0)
		n = 866	n = 1102
	Low	33.2 (2.8)	33.3 (2.5)	.45	−0.121 (−0.650; 0.430)
		34.0 (14.0; 42.0)	34.0 (20.0; 40.0)
		n = 232	n = 146
	Moderate	32.8 (2.6)	33.2 (2.9)	.15	−0.417 (−1.298; 0.523)
		34.0 (24.0; 38.0)	34.0 (18.0; 38.0)
		n = 69	n = 70
	High	33.4 (2.5)	32.9 (2.8)	.29	0.492 (−0.674; 1.677)
		34.0 (22.0; 38.0)	34.0 (24.0; 38.0)
		n = 44	n = 36
	Gender
	Male	33.5 (2.6)	33.5 (1.9)	.94	−0.093 (−0.350; 0.162)
		34.0 (10.0; 46.0)	34.0 (24.0; 40.0)
		n = 558	n = 622
	Female	33.1 (2.5)	33.4 (2.1)	.09	−0.285 (−0.536; −0.042)
		34.0 (14.0; 42.0)	34.0 (18.0; 46.0)
		n = 662	n = 732
	Cause of dental visit
	Do not know	33.4 (2.3)	33.4 (2.1)	.51	0.084 (−0.375; 0.531)
		34.0 (22.0; 39.0)	34.0 (20.0; 39.0)
		n = 133	n = 331
	Dental examination	33.3 (2.6)	33.5 (2.1)	.17	−0.162 (−0.504; 0.182)
		34.0 (14.0 (46.0)	34.0 (18.0; 42.0)
		n = 367	n = 404
	Dental treatment	33.3 (2.5)	33.5 (1.9)	.40	−0.280 (−0.517; −0.046)
		34.0 (10.0; 42.0)	34.0 (24.0; 46.0)
		n = 724	n = 619
PAS profession^b	IDAF
	No-little	3.9 (0.4)	3.9 (0.3)	.21	−0.037 (−0.067; −0.008)
		4.0 (1.0; 4.5)	4.0 (1.0; 4.5)
		n = 884	n = 1119
	Low	3.8 (0.4)	3.9 (0.3)	.32	−0.051 (−0.126; 0.027)
		4.0 (1.0; 4.5)	4.0 (2.0; 4.5)
		n = 238	n = 146
	Moderate	3.8 (0.4)	3.9 (0.4)	.17	−0.073 (−0.204; 0.060)
		4.0 (2.0; 4.3)	4.0 (2.0; 4.5)
		n = 70	n = 71
	High	3.9 (0.3)	3.9 (0.3)	.08	0.083 (−0.057; 0.227)
		4.0 (2.3; 4.5)	4.0 (2.5; 4.3)
		n = 44	n = 36
	Gender
	Male	3.9 (0.4)	3.9 (0.3)	.06	−0.036 (−0.073; 0.001)
		4.0 (1.0; 4.5)	4.0 (1.0; 4.5)
		n = 572	n = 630
	Female	3.9 (0.4)	3.9 (0.3)	.35	−0.052 (−0.089; −0.016)
		4.0 (1.0; 4.5)	4.0 (2.0; 4.5)
		n = 675	n = 742
	Cause of dental visit
	Do not know	3.9 (0.3)	3.9 (0.3)	.99	0.012 (−0.049; 0.070)
		4.0 (2.5; 4.5)	4.0 (2.0; 4.5)
		n = 139	n = 333
	Dental examination	3.9 (0.4)	3.9 (0.3)	.09	−0.073 (−0.123; −0.024)
		4.0 (1.0; 4.5)	4.0 (2.0; 4.5)
		n = 371	n = 410
	Dental treatment	3.9 (0.4)	3.9 (0.3)	.14	−0.044 (−0.080; −0.009)
		4.0 (1.0; 4.5)	4.0 (1.0; 4.5)
		n = 741	n = 629
PAS person^c	IDAF
	No-little	3.0 (0.3)	3.0 (0.2)	.60	−0.001 (−0.023; 0.022)
		3.0 (6.0; 30.0)	3.0 (1.7; 5.0)
		n = 875	n = 1115
	Low	3.0 (0.3)	3.0 (0.3)	.83	0.010 (−0.050; 0.072)
		3.0 (1.7; 4.2)	3.0 (2.0; 3.8)
		n = 233	n = 147
	Moderate	3.0 (0.3)	3.0 (0.3)	.95	−0.021 (−0.116; 0.075)
		3.0 (2.0; 3.7)	3.0 (1.7; 3.5)
		n = 69	n = 71
	High	3.0 (0.3)	2.9 (0.4)	.59	0.029 (−0.110; 0.177)
		3.0 (2.2; 3.7)	3.0 (1.7; 3.7)
		n =	n = 36
	Gender
	Male	3.0 (0.3)	3.0 (0.2)	.09	0.013 (−0.018; 0.044)
		3.0 (1.0; 5.0)	3.0 (2.0; 4.3)
		n = 564	n = 629
	Female	3.0 (0.3)	3.0 (0.3)	.24	−0.018 (−0.046; 0.010)
		3.0 (1.7; 4.5)	3.0 (1.7; 5.0)
		n = 668	n = 740
	Cause of dental visit
	Do not know	3.0 (0.3)	3.0 (0.3)	.59	−0.003 (−0.080; −0.009)
		3.0 (1.7; 4.2)	3.0 1.7; 4.0)
		n = 134	n = 337
	Dental examination	3.0 (0.3)	3.0 (0.3)	.69	0.014 (−0.024; 0.055)
		3.0 (1.7; 5.0)	3.0 (1.7; 4.2)
		n = 369	n = 409
	Dental treatment	3.0 (0.3)	3.0 (0.2)	.97	−0.012 (−0.039; 0.016)
		3.0 (1.0; 4.5)	3.0 (1.8; 5.0)
		n = 733	n = 623

^a Mann–Whitney U-test.

^b Profession = The professional’s skills.

^c Person = The professional’s interpersonal qualities.