Translation and validation of the Swedish version of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) for adolescents

Figures & data

Table 1. Factor loadings of items after exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach α if item deleted from assigned factor.

Scale item (question #)	Dental Aesthetic Self-Confidence	Psychosocial Impact	α if deleted
1	0.87*		0.97
2	0.85*		0.97
3	0.90*		0.97
4	0.87*		0.97
5	0.93*		0.97
6	0.87*		0.97
7	0.66*		0.97
8		0.78*	0.93
9		0.79*	0.93
10		0.74*	0.93
11		0.71*	0.94
12		0.78*	0.94
13		0.60*	0.94
14		0.80*	0.93
15	0.52	0.57*	0.94
16		0.74*	0.93
17		0.78*	0.93
18	0.70*		0.97
19		0.78*	0.93
20	0.85*		0.97
21	0.62*	0.59	0.97
22	0.73*		0.97
23	0.70*	0.54	0.97

Factor 1: Eigenvalue = 13.9 with 60.5% of the total variance explained. Factor 2: Eigenvalue = 2.6 with 11.1% of the total variance explained. The two domains are shown along with the salient factor loadings (*) for all items. Factor loadings shown if ≥ 0.5.

Figure 1. Box plot of individual PIDAQ scores of the 72 individuals in the untreated group and the 72 individuals in the treated group. Min score 0, max score 92.

Table 2. Discriminant validity – difference between untreated and treated groups – for subscales and total scale.

Variable	Untreated group (n = 72), mean (SD)	Treated group (n = 72), mean (SD)	Difference: t-test equal variances not assumed
Dental Aesthetic Self-Confidence	29.7 (11.1)	6.6 (7.7)	p ˂ .001
Psychosocial Impact	10.8 (10.8)	2.8 (3.9)	p ˂ .001
Total scale	40.6 (20.3)	9.4 (10.5)	p ˂ .001

Table 3. Discriminant validity – difference between individuals with and without orthodontic treatment need – for subscales and total scale.

Variable	ICON ≥ 43 (treatment need) n = 56 Mean (SD)	ICON < 43 (no treatment need) n = 88 Mean (SD)	Difference: t-test equal variances not assumed
Dental Aesthetic Self-Confidence	29.9 (10.8)	10.7 (2.4)	p ˂ .001
Psychosocial Impact	10.2 (10.4)	4.7 (7.3)	p = .001
Total scale	15.4 (18.7)	40.1 (19.4)	p ˂ .001

Table 4. Reliability statistics.

Variable	No of items	Cronbach’s alpha
Dental Aesthetic Self-Confidence	12	0.97
Psychosocial Impact	11	0.94
Total scale	23	0.97

Internal consistency of the subscales and the total scale calculated with Cronbach’s alpha.

Table 5. Reliability statistics.

Variable	No of items	Intraclass correlation coefficient (95% confidence interval)
Dental Aesthetic Self-Confidence	12	0.86
Psychosocial Impact	11	0.88
Total scale	23	0.90

Test–retest reliability of data from the 31 individuals responding to the questionnaire a second time, calculated with ICC two-way random effects model, consistency model. p < .001 for all values.