Health status in patients hospitalised for severe odontogenic infections

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive characteristics of the patients with odontogenic infection.

	All, N = 303 (100%)	Females, n = 134 (44%)	Males, n = 169 (56%)	Percentages, females vs. males	p-Value*
Age (years): mean (SD), range	47 (18.2), 18–100	49 (20.6), 18–100	45 (15.9), 19–86		NS
Body mass index^a, n = 253: mean (SD), range	26.4 (5.52), 13.4–47.8	26.4 (6.56), 14.5–47.8	26.3 (4.56), 13.4–41.3		NS
Smoking					.024
yes	83 (27%)	28 (21%)	55 (33%)	34% vs. 66%
no	220 (73%)	106 (79%)	114 (67%)	48% vs. 52%
Excess consumption of alcohol/drugs					.005
yes	27 (9%)	5 (4%)	22 (13%)	19% vs. 81%
no	276 (91%)	129 (96%)	147 (87%)	47% vs. 53%
Immunocompromised^b					NS
no	246 (81%)	108 (81%)	138 (82%)	44% vs. 56%
yes	57 (19%)	26 (19%)	31 (18%)	46% vs. 54%
diabetes	27 (9%)	10 (7%)	17 (10%)	37% vs. 63%	NS
yes	71 (23%)	26 (19%)	45 (27%)	37% vs. 63%	NS
no	232 (77%)	108 (81%)	124 (73%	47% vs. 53%

Values are frequencies and percentages if not otherwise mentioned.

*Differences between females and males were tested with chi-square for categorical variables, or t-test for continuous variables. NS: non-significant, p-value >.05.

^aData of body mass index was available for 111 females and 142 males.

^bImmunocompromised: immunologically compromised condition due to disease history including diabetes, or medication.

Table 2. Difference in body mass index, and associations between explanatory variables and treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU).

	All, N = 303	ICU, n = 71 (23%)	Non-ICU, n = 232 (77%)	Percentages, ICU vs. non-ICU	p-Value*
Age: mean (SD), range	47 (18.1), 18–100	45 (16.6), 18–88	47 (18.7), 18–100		NS
Sex					NS
females	134 (44%	26 (37%)	108 (47%)	19% vs. 81%
males	169 (56%)	45 (63%)	124 (63%)	27% vs. 73%
Body mass index, n = 253^a: mean (SD), range	26.4 (5.52), 13.4–47.8	26.8 (5.31), 18.1–43.6	26.2 (5.59), 13.4–47.8		NS
Smoking					NS
yes	83 (27%)	25 (35%)	58 (25%)	30% vs. 70%
no	220 (73%)	46 (65%)	174 (75%)	21% vs. 79%
Excess consumption of alcohol/drugs					NS
yes	27 (9%)	9 (13%)	18 (8%)	33% vs. 68%
no	276 (91%)	62 (87%)	214 (92%)	22% vs. 78%
Immunocompromised^b					NS
no	246 (81%)	61 (86%)	185 (80%)	25% vs. 75%
yes	57 (19%)	10 (14%)	47 (20%)	18% vs. 82%
diabetes	27 (9%)	7 (10%)	20 (9%)	26% vs. 74%	NS

*Association of independence was tested with chi-square for categorical variables. Difference between groups was tested with t-test for age and body mass index. NS: non-significant, p-value > 0.05.

^aData of body mass index was available for 111 females and 142 males.

^bImmunocompromised: immunologically compromised condition due to general disease including diabetes, or medication.

Table 3. Associations between infection site and treatment prior to hospital care and treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU).

	All, N = 303	ICU, n = 71 (23%)	Non-ICU, n = 232 (77%)	Percentages, ICU vs. non-ICU	p-Value*
Maxilla	46 (15%)	2 (3%)	44 (19%)	4% vs. 96%	.001
Mandible	257 (85%)	69 (97%)	188 (81%)	27% vs. 73%
Maxilla					NS
third molars	8 (17%)	0	8 (18%)	0 vs. 100%
second molars	3 (7%)	0	3 (7%)	0 vs. 100%
first molars	12 (26%)	1 (50%)	11 (25%)	8% vs. 92%
anterior	23 (50%)	1 (50%	22 (50%)	4% vs. 96%
Mandible					NS
third molars	71 (28%)	22 (32%)	49 (26%)	31% vs. 69%
second molars	95 (37%)	28 (41%)	67 (36%)	29% vs. 71%
first molars	61 (23%)	13 (19%)	48 (26%)	21% vs. 79%
anterior	30 (12%)	6 (8%)	24 (13%)	20% vs. 80%
Preceding recent dental treatment
no	155 (51%)	33 (46%)	122 (53%)	21% vs. 79%	NS
yes	148 (48%)	38 (54%)	110 (47%)	26% vs. 74%
extraction	115 (78%)	33 (87%)	82 (75%)	29% vs. 71%	NS
rct^a	25 (17%)	3 (8%)	22 (20%)	12% vs. 88%
incision	5 (3%)	1 (3%)	4 (4%)	20% vs. 80%
incision & extraction	3 (2%)	1 (2%)	2 (1%)	33% vs. 67%
Preceding antibiotics					NS
yes	138 (46%)	34 (48%)	131 (56%)	21% vs. 79%
no	165 (54%)	37 (52%)	101 (44%)	27% vs. 73%

*Association of independence was tested with chi-square. NS: non-significant, p-value > 0.05.

^arct: root canal treatment. Associations between primary predictors and treatment prior to hospital care. Odontogenic foci were categorised into groups: third molars, second molars, first molars, and anterior teeth including premolars, canines and incisors.

Table 4. Differences between study groups by treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU) in blood pressure and clinical and laboratory infection parameters.

	All, N = 303	ICU, n = 71	Non-ICU, n = 232	p-value*
Body temperature, n = 302	37.4 (0.72)	37.7 (0.64)	37.3 (0.73)	.001
Systolic blood pressure, n = 285	139 (22.1)	140 (24.4)	139 (21.4)	NS
Diastolic blood pressure, n = 285	83 (12.6)	82 (15.5)	84 (11.6)	NS
Pulse, n = 283	90 (18.0)	96 (19.2)	88 (17.2)	.002
C-reactive protein level (mg/L) (median)	144 (90.4)	214 (111.6)	123 (70.4)	<.001
White blood cell count (10^9/L), n = 302	12.9 (4.63)	15.8 (5.71)	12.0 (3.85)	<.001

Results are expressed as means (and standard deviations).

*Statistical significance of difference was determined with t-test. NS: non-significant, p-value > .05.

Table 5. Infection complications and distant infections of 303 patients with acute odontogenic infections.

	n (% of 303)
Any infection complication or distant infection^a	23 (7.6)
Septicaemia	12 (4.0)
Pneumonia	11 (3.6)
Endocarditis	2 (0.7)
Necrotising fasciitis	2 (0.7)
Embolic renal infarction	1 (0.3)
Urosepsis	1 (0.3)
Death	1 (0.3)

^a4 patients had more than one associated infection.