Common resilience factors among healthy individuals exposed to chronic adversity: a systematic review

Figures & data

Table 1. Key words and key terms to describe PECOS: the Population (P), Exposure (E), Comparison (C), Outcome (O) and Study design (S).

Population	Individuals healthy from non-communicable diseases (dental caries, diabetes type II, obesity and cardiovascular disease)
Exposure	Low socioeconomic status [22–24] Increased risk due to discrimination or marginalization due to race and ethnicity [13,23,24], indigenous people, minority groups [6,24], and refugees and immigrants [13,23–25] Living in poor areas or neighbourhoods and communities with fewer socioeconomic resources [6,12,13] Vulnerable groups: weak or poor social protection and health coverage, medically uninsured [6,23–25], or homeless [13,23]
Comparison	Unhealthy individuals with the same exposure
Outcome	Resilient (being healthy according to the study’s definition)
Study designs	Observational studies (cohort, cross-sectional, case-control and longitudinal)

Figure 1. Flow diagram of the selection process of included studies.

Figure 2. Conceptual model of how individuals exposed to chronic adversity, through resilience (process), can express health and be resilient (outcome). The resilience factors investigated in the included studies are categorized by domains.

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Data availability statement

Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.