Association between oral and general health related quality of life among Norwegian patients with substance use disorders in opioid agonist therapy

Figures & data

Table 1. Basic characteristics of 165 patients with substance use disorders (numbers (n) and percentages (%).

	All patients (N = 165)
Age (years), n (%)
18–30	17 (10)
30–40	51 (31)
40–50	60 (36)
50–60	32 (19)
≥60	5 (3)
Mean (SD)	43 (9)
Sex, n (%)
Male	125 (76)
Female	40 (24)
Highest level of education, n (%)
Not completed primary school	6 (5)
Completed primary school (9 years)	64 (48)
Completed high school (12 years)	54 (41)
College or university	8 (6)
Number of maxillary teeth (N = 102), mean (SD)	8 (5)
Number of mandibular teeth (N = 102), mean (SD)	9 (5)
Injected substances past year, n (%)	74 (60)
Substances use past year^a, n (%)
Cannabis	76 (62)
Benzodiazepines	61 (50)
Alcohol	33 (27)
Amphetamines or cocaine	37 (30)
Opioids	8 (7)
Comorbidities, n (%)
Hepatitis C virus infection	70 (42)
Hepatitis B virus infection	<5 (<1)
Human immunodeficiency virus	<5 (<1)

SD: Standard deviation.

^aThe number of patients who have used substances at least once during the past year leading up to the health assessment.

Figure 1. (a + b) Pen’s parade figure presenting distribution of Oral Impact on daily performance sum score (0: not affected to 32: extremely affected) ordered from lowest to highest (a). Correspondingly, EQ-5D-5L index value (0: dead to 1: perfect health) at baseline is presented (b) with lines indicating change to value at second measuring point (∼1 year later). *The green dashed line represents the mean index value of our study sample (0.690) at baseline and the blacked dashed line represents the mean value of the general Norwegian population (0.848).

Figure 2. (a) Percentage distribution of eight OIDP dimensions among 165 patients with substance use disorder. (b) Percentage distribution of five EQ-5D-5L dimensions among 165 patients with substance use disorder.

Table 2. Spearman’s correlations, r_s, between each EQ-5D-5L of five dimensions (5 levels) and OIDP eight items (5 levels) among 165 patients with substance use disorder.

	EQ-5D-5L scores
OIDP scores	Mobility	Self-care	Usual activities	Pain/discomfort	Anxiety/depression
Eating	0.20**	0.20*	0.20*	0.21**	0.10
Speaking	0.11	0.34**	0.27**	0.24**	0.14
Cleaning teeth	0.26*	0.31**	0.18*	0.32**	0.13
Sleeping/relaxing	0.18*	0.31**	0.05	0.23**	0.09
Showing teeth	0.16*	0.20*	0.25**	0.20*	0.13
Emotional status	0.11	0.19*	0.24**	0.14	0.09
Carry out work	0.22**	0.29**	0.30**	0.22*	0.08
Enjoy social status	0.12	0.21**	0.20*	0.17*	0.12

r_s = Spearman’s rho. *p < .05. **p < .01.

Table 3. Linear regression of the association between EQ-5D-5L sum score (5–20) and OIDP sum score (0–32) at baseline, sex, and age (n = 165).

	Coefficient (95% CI)
	EQ-5D-5L sum score
Male	0 (ref)
Female	1.01 (–0.08 to 2.10)
Age (per 10 years)	–0.11 (–0.61 to 0.39)
OIDP sum score	0.12 (0.07–0.17)
R^2= 0.1460

Table 4. Linear regression of the association between EQ-5D-5-L index value (0-1) and OIDP (scaled 0-1) at baseline, sex, and age.

	Coefficient (95% CI)
	EQ-5D-5L index value
Male	0 (ref)
Female	–0.06 (–0.14 to 0.01)
Age (per 10 years)	0.01 (–0.03 to 0.04)
OIDP sum score	–0.23 (–0.34 to −0.12)
R^2 = 0.1165

The OIDP sum score (0–32) is scaled 0-1 dividing the sum score by 32 (n = 165).

Data availability statement

Data upon which this study is based is available from the authors upon request.