Association between dental and skeletal maturation in Scandinavian children born between 2005 and 2010

Abstract

Objective

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to analyse the association between dental and skeletal maturation in children born between 2005 and 2010.

Materials and methods

Dental and skeletal maturation of 117 ethnic Scandinavian children born between 2005 and 2010 (70 girls, 47 boys, mean age 11.48 years) was analysed. Dental maturation (DM) was assessed on orthopantomographs (OPs) by using Demirjian’s and Haavikko’s methods while skeletal maturation was assessed on hand-wrist radiographs by use of Helm’s method. The correlation between skeletal and DM was analysed using Spearman’s rho (Rs). Additionally, the most frequent DM stage in relation to the skeletal maturation stage was analysed by logistic regression adjusted for age and sex.

Results

The correlation between dental and skeletal maturation was significant for all teeth (Rs = 0.071–0.562; p < .000–p = .035) except for the first incisor and the first molar. Logistic regression analysis showed that when the mandibular and maxillary canines are ¾ mineralized, this is significantly associated with the beginning of the adolescent period before peak height velocity (PHV) (PP2= p < .005–< .05). Likewise, when the mandibular second premolars are ¾ mineralized, this is significantly associated with the maturation stage PP2= or S (PP2= p < .05, S: p < .005–< .05), both of which are before PHV at the beginning of the adolescent period.

Limitations

Limited sample size and the X-rays were taken before orthodontic treatment, which may have introduced a selection bias.

Conclusions

When the root of the canines or second premolars is ¾ mineralized, it may indicate the beginning of the adolescent period with increased skeletal growth intensity.

Keywords:

• Dental maturation
• skeletal maturation
• Haavikko’s method
• Demirjian’s method
• Helm’s method

Acknowledgements

Ib Jarle Christensen, Senior researcher, Department of Gastroenterology, Hvidovre Hospital, Denmark, is acknowledged for statistical assistance. Arman Teymouri Niknam, Academic Officer, Department of Odontology, Postgraduate Program in Orthodontics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, is acknowledged for linguistic support.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The data underlying this article will be shared upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.

Additional information

Funding

The authors thank the Danish Dental Association [21318418] for financially supporting this study.