A Review: Electrochemical DNA Biosensors for Sequence Recognition

Abstract

Since Waston and Crick established the double helical structure of DNA in 1953, nucleic acid research has become one of the most important fields in life science. Therefore, DNA biosensors based on DNA hybridization plays a more and more important role in DNA analysis. This review briefly introduces our group's research work in the electrochemical DNA biosensor field including DNA immobilization schemes and hybridization marking techniques. The representative immobilization techniques are adsorption on the surface, covalent attachment on a functional surface, embedding in a polymeric matrix, and the self‐assembled monolayer method. The formation of double‐stranded DNA upon hybridization is commonly detected in connection with the use of an appropriate electro‐active hybridization intercalator, or labeling DNA by a simple electro‐active molecule or a powerful nanoparticle.

Keywords:

• Electrochemical DNA biosensor
• immobilization of DNA
• adsorption of DNA
• intercalator
• DNA label