Determination of a Novel Fungicide Phenazine-1-Carboxylic Acid in Soil Samples Using Sample Stacking Capillary Electrophoresis Combined with Solid Phase Extraction

Abstract

Solid-phase extraction and stacking capillary electrophoresis were used for the determination of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, a novel fungicide, in soil samples. A 10 mmol L⁻¹ phosphate buffer (pH = 6.6) was adequate for the separation and stacking of PCA dissolved in methanol. Optimization of SPE resulted in high recoveries ranging from 92.35% to 107.04% at spiking levels from 0.02 to 0.30 mg kg⁻¹. Limits of quantification were 0.09 μg mL⁻¹ in methanol solution and 0.02 mg kg⁻¹ in soil samples, which greatly improved the sensitivity compared to previous methods. This method allowed dynamic monitoring of PCA residues during its decomposition in soil.

Keywords:

• Pesticides
• Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid
• Solid-phase extraction
• Stacking capillary electrophoresis

This study was supported by the 863 Programs of China (No. 2006AA10A209), 973 Programs of China (No. 2009CB118906), NSFC (No. 30821005 and 30870075), and supported by Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project, Project Number B203.