Electrochemical Behavior and Voltammetric Determination of Diclofenac at a Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Ionic Liquid Composite Modified Carbon Ceramic Electrode

Abstract

This work describes the electrochemical behavior of diclofenac on the surface of a carbonceramic electrode (CCE) modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and an ionic liquid (IL) composite. The MWCNT-IL composite showed an enhancement effect in the electro-oxidation of diclofenac with respect to a bare carbon ceramic electrode. Based on the experimental outcomes, a possible mechanism for the electro-oxidation of diclofenac is proposed and discussed. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the MWCNT-IL CCE showed a linear response to diclofenac over the concentration range 50 nM–20 µM with a detection limit of 27 nM. The developed diclofenac sensor showed good stability, sensitivity, and reproducibility in the measurement of diclofenac in human blood plasma samples.

Keywords:

• Carbon nanotube
• Diclofenac
• Ionic liquid
• Modified electrode

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge The Research Council of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University for financial support.

Notes

^a Chroamperometry.

^b Anodic stripping voltammetry.

^c Carbon paste electrode.

^d Differential pulse voltammetry.

^e Square wave voltammetry.