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Original Articles

The macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy

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Pages 4439-4454 | Published online: 20 Jul 2011

Figures & data

Fig. 1. Quarterly versus annual fiscal data, US

Fig. 1. Quarterly versus annual fiscal data, US

Fig. 2. Quarterly versus annual fiscal data, UK

Fig. 2. Quarterly versus annual fiscal data, UK

Fig. 3. Quarterly versus annual fiscal data, Germany

Fig. 3. Quarterly versus annual fiscal data, Germany

Fig. 4. Quarterly versus annual fiscal data, Italy

Fig. 4. Quarterly versus annual fiscal data, Italy

Fig. 5. Implicit debt ratio and observed debt ratio, percentage of GDP

Fig. 5. Implicit debt ratio and observed debt ratio, percentage of GDP

Fig. 6. Impulse-response functions, US: (a) Spending shock and (b) Revenue shock

Fig. 6. Impulse-response functions, US: (a) Spending shock and (b) Revenue shock

Fig. 7. Impulse-response functions, UK: (a) Spending shock and (b) Revenue shock

Fig. 7. Impulse-response functions, UK: (a) Spending shock and (b) Revenue shock

Fig. 8. Impulse-response functions, Germany: (a) Spending shock and (b) Revenue shock

Fig. 8. Impulse-response functions, Germany: (a) Spending shock and (b) Revenue shock

Fig. 9. Impulse-response functions, Italy: (a) Spending shock and (b) Revenue shock

Fig. 9. Impulse-response functions, Italy: (a) Spending shock and (b) Revenue shock

Table 1. The effect of (dt −1  − d*) in a VAR