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People, Place, and Region

To Storm the Citadel: Geographies of Protest at the Summit of the Americas in Québec City, April 2001

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Pages 180-194 | Received 01 Jul 2008, Accepted 01 May 2011, Published online: 14 Dec 2011
 

Abstract

This article draws on research conducted before, at, and after the protest against the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) Summit of the Americas meeting held in Québec City in April 2001. Following their successful activities at the World Trade Organization meetings at Seattle in 1999, antiglobalization groups mounted large-scale protests at subsequent major world governance meetings including the Québec City summit. At the time many viewed the protest groups as forming a cohesive movement with considerable momentum. With hindsight we conclude that the protests at Québec City brought together diverse groups—some global, many local—to form an uneasy alliance united by a common opposition to the intrusive meeting on economic globalization. This intrusion was symbolically represented by the location of the FTAA talks in the fortified Québec Citadel, which is an enduring national symbol for most French Canadians. The spectrum of politics represented by the antiglobalization groups found expression in radically different tactics and geographies of protest; indeed, this geographical compromise was the key to allowing the various groups to work together toward challenging the free-trade goals of the FTAA. The success of the protests held at Québec City was therefore not a foregone conclusion but the result of a series of special circumstances that were grounded in the geography of the protest itself.

Este artículo se basa en investigaciones efectuadas antes, durante y después de las protestas que se hicieron contra la Cumbre Americana del Área de Libre Comercio de las Américas [FTAA, acrónimo en inglés] reunida en la ciudad de Quebec en abril del 2001. Con las mismas tácticas que montaron en Seattle contra las reuniones de la Organización Mundial del Comercio en 1999, los grupos que se oponen a la globalización han puesto en escena protestas a gran escala en las subsiguientes reuniones mayores de gobernanza mundial, la cumbre de la ciudad de Quebec incluida. En su momento muchos vieron los grupos de protesta como parte de un movimiento cohesivo de gran empuje. En retrospectiva, tenemos que concluir que las protestas de la ciudad de Quebec en realidad juntaron diversos grupos –algunos globales, muchos locales– para formar una alianza recelosa a la que unía la común oposición a un indeseable foro de la globalización económica. Esta intrusión quedó simbólicamente plasmada al localizar las conversaciones de la FTAA en la citadel fortificada de Quebec, sitio que es un símbolo nacional perdurable para la mayoría de los canadienses de cultura francesa. El espectro político que representan los grupos contrarios a la globalización halló expresión en tácticas y geografías de la protesta radicalmente diferentes; en verdad, en este compromiso geográfico se halla la clave para que varios grupos pudieran trabajar juntos para desafiar las metas de libre comercio de la FTAA. En consecuencia, el éxito de las protestas de Quebec no fue una conclusión anticipada sino el resultado de una serie de circunstancias especiales afincadas en la geografía de la propia protesta.

Acknowledgments

We thank the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada for financial support for this research and thank the reviewers for their thoughtful and constructive suggestions.

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