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Health and Well-Being

Producing Contaminated Citizens: Toward a Nature–Society Geography of Health and Well-Being

Pages 1165-1172 | Received 01 Nov 2010, Accepted 01 Jul 2011, Published online: 26 Apr 2012
 

Abstract

A nature–society geography approach to health and well-being demonstrates that socioecological parameters, in addition to economic and political factors, are critical to explaining outcomes of health crises. In expounding on this multifaceted understanding of health and well-being in the context of development, I draw on research on chronic arsenic poisoning and water contamination in rural Bangladesh. A public health crisis has arisen from naturally-occurring arsenic poisoning millions of people who drink, cook, and irrigate with arsenic-laced groundwater pumped up by tubewells, where the very sources that were promoted to bring health are now bringing illness, hardship, and death. In examining the interlinked ways that arsenic and water come to influence well-being and illness, I pay particular attention to social stigma and the production of contaminated citizens. By engaging the insights from nature–society geographies of health and feminist geographies of well-being in contributing to scholarship in geographies of health, the article highlights that the experiences of health and well-being are complex and evolving in instances where slow poisoning is simultaneously an outcome of development endeavors and environmental factors.

Abordar el tema de la salud y el bienestar con el enfoque geográfico expresivo de la relación naturaleza–sociedad demuestra que los parámetros socioecológicos, además de los factores económicos y políticos, son cruciales para explicar lo que sobreviene de las crisis de la salud. Para una mayor elaboración de esta manera multifacética de entender la salud y el bienestar en el contexto del desarrollo, me baso en investigaciones sobre envenenamiento crónico con arsénico y aguas contaminadas en el espacio rural de Bangladesh. Ha surgido una crisis sanitaria por el envenenamiento de origen natural entre millones de personas que beben, cocinan y riegan con agua cargada de arsénico, la cual es bombeada a la superficie a través de pozos entubados, donde las propias fuentes que se abrieron para traer salud están ahora aportando enfermedad, sufrimiento y muerte. Al examinar los entrelazamientos por medio de los cuales el arsénico y el agua llegan a influir bienestar y enfermedad, pongo particular atención al estigma social y a la producción de ciudadanos contaminados. Al buscar las luces de las geografías de la salud inspiradas en la relación naturaleza-sociedad y las geografías feministas del bienestar para contribuir de manera académica específica a las geografías de la salud, el artículo destaca que las experiencias de salud y bienestar son complejas y evolucionan en instancias en las que el envenenamiento lento puede ser simultáneamente un resultado de propósitos de desarrollo y de factores ambientales.

Acknowledgments

I am very grateful to the anonymous reviewers and Mei-Po Kwan for excellent feedback. All errors remain mine.

Notes

1. Lack of space prevents me from elaborating on the details of the study, but further information is available in Sultana (2007a).

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