Effect of video game experience on the simulated flight task: the role of attention and spatial orientation

Figures & data

Figure 1. Simulated flight task.

Figure 2. Attention allocation test.

Figure 3. Attention shift test.

Figure 4. Spatial orientation test.

Figure 5. The completion time of take-off and cruise tasks between VGPs and NVGPs.

Table 1. Descriptive statistics for the t-test for differences in eye movement during the flight between VGPs and NVGPs (M(SD))

Task	Take-off		Cruise
	VGPs	NVGPs	VGPs	NVGPs
Saccade Duration (ms)	151.64(91.78)	360.33(281.52) *	6454.48(2909.10)	11649.97(7609.73) *
Saccade amplitude (cm)	11.25(8.41)	28.37(20.95) *	376.36(220.72)	755.01(367.81) *
Saccade Velocity (°/s)	478.82(319.05)	907.92(557.97) *	15978.82(6338.19)	27149.36(12896.75) *
Saccade Count	6.40(3.17)	10.54(4.81) *	192.20(116.96)	225.62(116.24)
Saccade Frequency (count/s)	0.86(0.45)	1.04(0.46)	0.92(0.19)	1.19(0.31) *

*p < 0.05.

Figure 6. (a) Fixation count in different area of interest (Take-off). (b) Fixation time in different area of interest (Take-off).

Figure 6. Continued.

Figure 7. (a) Fixation count in different area of interest (Cruise). (b) Fixation time in different area of interest (Cruise).

Figure 7. Continued.

Table 2. Descriptive statistics for the Mann-Whitney U test for differences in entropy between VGPs and NVGPs

Task	Group	Entropy		Mann-Whitney U test
		M	SD	W	p
Take-off	VGPs	0.20	0.21	40.50	0.04*
	NVGPs	0.06	0.06
Cruise	VGPs	0.18	0.22	35.00	0.01**
	NVGPs	0.58	0.04

*p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.

Table 3. Descriptive statistics for the spatial orientation and attention skills test between VGPs and NVGPs

	Spatial orientation(°)	Attention shift (s)	Attention allocation
			Tracking task (difficulty levels)	Monitoring task (accuracy)
VGPs	11.70(3.77)	58.00(15.18)	5.20(1.01)	0.77(0.14)
NVGPs	30.91(25.79) **	85.47(31.17) **	2.73(1.58) **	0.80(0.17)

**p < 0.01.

Table 4. The influence of attention shift and group on flight performance

Model		Take-off
		SE	Beta	t	p	95%CI
1	Attention shift	0.01	0.65	4.58	0.00**	0.02	0.06
2	Attention shift	0.01	0.34	2.89	0.01**	0.01	0.04
	Group	0.39	−0.62	−5.2	0.00**	−2.83	−1.23

**p < 0.01.

Figure 8. Mediation model diagram.

Table 5. The fitting index of neural network model

	Samples	CE	Error (%)
Training	16	1.06	12.50
Validation	4	1.89	0.00
Testing	4	1.37	25.00

Figure 9. (a) Confusion matrixes. (b) ROC curves.

Figure 9. Continued.

Table 6. The fitting index of neural network model

	Samples	CE	Error (%)
Training	16	0.31	18.75
Validation	4	0.18	0.00
Testing	4	0.18	0.00

Figure 10. ROC curves.

Figure 10. Continued.

Table 7. The fitting index of neural network model

	Samples	CE	Error (%)
Training	16	0.33	6.25
Validation	4	0.30	0.00
Testing	4	0.41	0.00

Figure 11. (a) Confusion matrixes. (b) ROC curves.

Figure 11. Continued.