Improving dynamic response of PEMFC using SMES and bidirectional DC/DC converter

Figures & data

Figure 1. Simple FC polarization diagram [6].

Figure 2. FC electrical equivalent circuit.

Figure 3. Simplified model of the FC system [6].

Table 1. Parameters of the fuel cell used in the simulation [6].

Parameter	Value	Definition
A	6.25 [$\text{C}{\text{m}}^2\text{Cel}{\text{l}}^{-1}$]	Cell area
B	0.016 (V)	Coefficient of concentration voltage
C	2.5 (F)	FC double layer capacitance
F	96486.7 [$C^{}Kmo{l}^{-1}$]	Coefficient of Faraday
Jmax	$1.5\frac{A}{C{m}^2}$	Maximum Current Density
NS	60	Series Cells Number
NP	1	Parallel Cells Number
RC	$2\times {10}^{-4}$	Concentration Ohmic Resistance
T0,Trt,Tic,Tit	28, 20, 0.7, 4000	Empirical parameters used for modeling of the temperature fluctuation of FC
ξ1, ξ 2, ξ 3, ξ 4	−0.9514, 0.00312, 7.4×${10}^{-5}$, −1.87×${10}^{-4}$	Activation voltage coefficient

Figure 4. Schematic of the bidirectional DC/DC converter equipped with SMES [32].

Figure 5. Proposed control block diagram of the bidirectional DC/DC converter.

Figure 6. Schematic of the FC connected with bidirectional DC/DC converter with SMES.

Figure 7. Load power increasing with and without SMES.

Figure 8. Load power decreases with and without SMES.

Figure 9. DC link voltage variation while load increasing with and without SMES.

Figure 10. DC link voltage variation while load decreasing with and without SMES.

Figure 11. FC stack voltage variation with and without SMES.

Figure 12. DC/DC converter output current.

Figure 13. SMES current.

Figure 14. SMES voltage.

Figure 15. The H₂ utilization factor during the load variation with and without SMES.

Table 2. Load response settling time comparison in presence and absence of the SMES with the proposed control system.

	Settling time with load increasing	Settling time with load decreasing
Without SMES	0.35 s	0.29 s
With SMES and proposed control system	0.17 s	0.18 s
Percentage of Improvement	51.4%	37.9%

khani NG, Agha-Mirsalim M, Mastanabadi A. Dynamic response improvement of Fuel cell using ultra capacitor). Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Knowledge Based Engineering and Innovation (KBEI); 2019; Tehran. 2019. p. 443–448. doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/KBEI.2019.8734964.

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Chen L, Li G, Chen H, et al. Combined use of SFCL and SMES for augmenting FRT performance and smoothing output power of PMSG based wind turbine. Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Energy, Power and Transportation Electrification (ACEPT); 2018. p. 1–5, doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/ACEPT.2018.8610758.

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