1,573
Views
16
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Partitioning the effects of livestock farming on the diet of an aerial insectivorous passerine, the Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica

&
Pages 111-123 | Received 09 Sep 2012, Accepted 05 Nov 2012, Published online: 10 Dec 2012

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive statistics of the number of farm animals at breeding sites (farmsteads) and villages located in southwestern Poland where faeces of nestling Barn Swallows Hirundo rustica were gathered in 2005; values given are means with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Table 2. Component values and factor loadings of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the characteristic farm animals at breeding sites and villages used as environmental predictors explaining the diet variables of nestling Barn Swallows Hirundo rustica; factor rotation: varimax normalized; figures in bold indicate the variable for which each factor indicated the most variability.

Table 3. General comparison of diet variables (mean ± 1 se) of nestling Barn Swallows Hirundo rustica from all 52 breeding sites (farmhouses), where there were various farm animals compared to sites without farm animals; large animals comprises cows, pigs and horses. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) obtained in ANOVA GLM on paired comparisons between the two data sets.

Figure 1. CCA ordination biplot showing the locations of the 22 diet variables (explanation of abbreviations given in ) of nestling Barn Swallows Hirundo rustica in relation to different farm animals (cows, pigs; other large animals (= large animals) and poultry) reared in breeding sites (small letter) and villages (= vill; large letter); 10 explanatory variables, including 8 variables representing various species of livestock, number of nests in a colony (‘Nests’) and sites without livestock (‘Non-anim’) are depicted by arrows.

Figure 1. CCA ordination biplot showing the locations of the 22 diet variables (explanation of abbreviations given in Table 3) of nestling Barn Swallows Hirundo rustica in relation to different farm animals (cows, pigs; other large animals (= large animals) and poultry) reared in breeding sites (small letter) and villages (= vill; large letter); 10 explanatory variables, including 8 variables representing various species of livestock, number of nests in a colony (‘Nests’) and sites without livestock (‘Non-anim’) are depicted by arrows.

Table 4. Results of Generalized Linear Models (GLZs) exploring the influence of two PCA scores of farm animals reared in breeding sites (= farmhouses) and villages on diet variables of nestling Barn Swallows Hirundo rustica; 1in mg dry weight (mg d.w.); statistical significance: * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001; bold indicates statistically significant effects.

Table 5. Results of Generalized Linear Models (GLZs) exploring the influence of number of nests and various farm animals reared at breeding sites (= farmhouses) and villages on diet variables of nestling Barn Swallows Hirundo rustica. Statistical significance: * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001; bold indicates statistically significant effects.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.