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Articles

Non-fish prey in the diet of an exclusive fish-eater: the Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis

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Pages 457-465 | Received 05 Mar 2015, Accepted 19 May 2015, Published online: 17 Aug 2015

Figures & data

Figure 1. A map of (a) Slapy Reservoir, (b) Blanice River and various trout streams in the south part of Central Bohemia and their locations in the Czech Republic. Grey dots indicate nest sites of Kingfishers Alcedo atthis where the mass of regurgitated pellets (nest sediment) was analysed. Numbers in parentheses indicate the year of sampling. Data published in Čech & Čech (Citation2013) are in italic (n = 2; Blanice River).

Figure 1. A map of (a) Slapy Reservoir, (b) Blanice River and various trout streams in the south part of Central Bohemia and their locations in the Czech Republic. Grey dots indicate nest sites of Kingfishers Alcedo atthis where the mass of regurgitated pellets (nest sediment) was analysed. Numbers in parentheses indicate the year of sampling. Data published in Čech & Čech (Citation2013) are in italic (n = 2; Blanice River).

Table 1. The basic characteristics of Slapy Reservoir, Blanice River and various trout streams in the south part of Central Bohemia (according to Vlček et al. Citation1984) and the locations of the Kingfisher Alcedo atthis nest sites (n = 15) from which the mass of regurgitated pellets (nest sediment) was analysed. Nest site locations on the Blanice River and Chotýšanka stream are listed in order the mouth of the river/stream to the spring (source), and for Slapy Reservoir from the dam to the inflowing river (tributary), i.e. both against the flow (cf. also ).

Figure 2. Examples of non-fish prey remains found in the diet of Kingfishers Alcedo atthis. (a) Newt Triturus sp. – lower jaw. (b) Lizard Lacerta sp. – lower jaw. (c) Spiny-cheek Crayfish Orconectes limosus – claw and fragment of rostrum. (d) Great Diving Beetle Dytiscus marginalis larva – head with large mandibles from ventral view. (e) Common Club-tail Gomphus vulgatissimus larva – labium with massive palpal lobes from the top view. (f) Water Boatman Corixa sp. – paddling third leg (found in an individual pellet of Kingfisher on 14 March 2014, Blanice River). Photo: M. Čech (a–d) and F. Weyda (e, f).

Figure 2. Examples of non-fish prey remains found in the diet of Kingfishers Alcedo atthis. (a) Newt Triturus sp. – lower jaw. (b) Lizard Lacerta sp. – lower jaw. (c) Spiny-cheek Crayfish Orconectes limosus – claw and fragment of rostrum. (d) Great Diving Beetle Dytiscus marginalis larva – head with large mandibles from ventral view. (e) Common Club-tail Gomphus vulgatissimus larva – labium with massive palpal lobes from the top view. (f) Water Boatman Corixa sp. – paddling third leg (found in an individual pellet of Kingfisher on 14 March 2014, Blanice River). Photo: M. Čech (a–d) and F. Weyda (e, f).

Figure 3. Frequency distributions of total length (LT) of all fish species found in the diets of Kingfishers Alcedo atthis hunting on Slapy Reservoir, Blanice River and on various trout streams in the Czech Republic, Central Bohemia, during the years 1999 and 2013 (cf. also ; 30 nest sediments, n = 16 921). Estimated sizes of individual non-fish prey (n = 12) are indicated by symbols: &, Spiny-cheek Crayfish Orconectes limosus; $, Hawkmoth Macroglossum stellatarum; #, Grasshopper Chorthippus parallelus; §, Common Club-tail Gomphus vulgatissimus larva; *, Dragonfly Anax sp., Aeshna sp. larva; ¶, Great Diving Beetle Dytiscus marginalis larva; †, Newt Triturus sp.; ‡, Lizard Lacerta sp. Black arrow indicates the mean LT of consumed fish (irrespective of species) and white arrow indicates the mean length of consumed non-fish prey (irrespective of species).

Figure 3. Frequency distributions of total length (LT) of all fish species found in the diets of Kingfishers Alcedo atthis hunting on Slapy Reservoir, Blanice River and on various trout streams in the Czech Republic, Central Bohemia, during the years 1999 and 2013 (cf. also Fig 1; 30 nest sediments, n = 16 921). Estimated sizes of individual non-fish prey (n = 12) are indicated by symbols: &, Spiny-cheek Crayfish Orconectes limosus; $, Hawkmoth Macroglossum stellatarum; #, Grasshopper Chorthippus parallelus; §, Common Club-tail Gomphus vulgatissimus larva; *, Dragonfly Anax sp., Aeshna sp. larva; ¶, Great Diving Beetle Dytiscus marginalis larva; †, Newt Triturus sp.; ‡, Lizard Lacerta sp. Black arrow indicates the mean LT of consumed fish (irrespective of species) and white arrow indicates the mean length of consumed non-fish prey (irrespective of species).

Table 2. Species composition of the diets of Common Kingfishers Alcedo atthis hunting on Slapy Reservoir, Blanice River and on various trout streams in the Czech Republic: A summary of data from 30 nest sediments collected in the years 1999–2013. n, number of individuals and %a, percentage of total abundance. The values of the three most numerous fish species are in bold.

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