Studies on production performance and toxin residues in tissues and eggs of layer chickens fed on diets with various concentrations of aflatoxin AFB1

Abstract

1. An experiment on 1-week-old, White Leghorn female chicks was conducted to study the effect of aflatoxin AFB1 on weight gain, feed intake, feed gain ratio, age at sexual maturity, production and quality of eggs, retention of nutrients, pathoanatomical and histopathological parameters, and also on AFB1 residues in eggs and muscles of hens. The chicks were assigned to 4 dietary treatments: D1 (without AFB1), D2 (2·50 mg/kg AFB1), D3 (3·13 mg/kg AFB1), D4 (3·91 mg/kg AFB1) up to the age of 40 weeks.

2. At the end of the experiment, the mean body weight gain and feed intake were significantly lower in all aflatoxin-fed groups compared to control. The feed gain ratios were noted as 13·41, 13·59, 13·82 and 14·71, with the group fed the highest concentration of AFB1 showing a significantly poorer ratio than other groups.

3. Age at sexual maturity was also affected adversely by dietary AFB1: 193 d for D4 as compared to as early as 148 d for D1. Hen-d egg production was recorded as 96·92, 74·67, 65·98 and 50·75 in D1, D2, D3 and D4, respectively.

4. Average egg weights at the end of the experiment were 57·77, 57·49, 57·54 and 54·66 for D1, D2, D3 and D4, respectively. Shape index was significantly lower in D4 as compared to control. Contrary to this, albumen index was significantly higher in D4 as compared to D1. The values of yolk indices and eggshell thickness did not differ significantly among treatment groups. However, colour of yolk was reduced in all aflatoxin-fed groups compared to control.

5. Retentions of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, calcium and metabolisable energy were adversely affected at various levels of AFB1 compared to control.

6. Pathoanatomical and histopathological studies showed various adverse changes in liver, kidney, heart, ovaries and bursa of Fabricius in AFB1-fed groups.

7. Different amounts of aflatoxin residues were detected in eggs and breast muscles of hen in all AFB1-fed groups.