Foreign direct investment policy, multinationals, and subsidiary entrepreneurship success and failure in post-war Scotland

Figures & data

Table 1. Subsidiary characteristics.

Firm	Sector	Structure	Duration	Primary markets
Burroughs	Computers and office machinery.	UK subsidiary. Multi-plant operation in Scotland.	1958-1986	European.
Honeywell	Computers and office machinery.	UK then European subsidiary.	1955-present	European.
Hoover	Mechanical household appliances.	UK subsidiary. Inter-plant competition.	1946-2005	UK then increasingly European and international from 1980s.
Sunbeam	Household appliances, kitchen and bathroom.	UK subsidiary competing with other European subsidiaries.	1955-1983	European and global.

Table 2. Subsidiary development.

Name	Arc of growth	Expansion	Rundown
Burroughs	Product and function upgrades including the development of more advance manufacturing and R&D capacity. Designing and manufacturing of microcomputers.	Employment growth between 1958 and the early 1970s. Development of a white-collar managerial and R&D workforce.	Employment lost through transition to capital-intensive production during 1970s. Closure following loss of product mandates during 1980s.
Honeywell	Achieved a central place in Honeywell’s UK and then European manufacturing operation. Incremental investments in high-tech production techniques has maintained this status.	Plant and employment expansion through investment in new products and plant enlargement from late 1950s to early 1970s. European exports and investment in context of inter-plant competition.	Since late 1970s the plant has drastically reduced the size of its workforce and continued to experience intermittent fluctuations due to market pressures.
Hoover	Development of an increasingly sophisticated product line from motors to a range of mechanical appliances.	Expanding workforce and eventual growth of a multi-plant Lanarkshire operation from the mid-1940s to early 1970s.	Plant closures, loss of product mandates and concentration on fewer products between the late 1970s and mid-2000s.
Sunbeam	Design and manufacture of a range of household appliances.	Factory extension and employment expansion. Achieving exports and international product mandates.	Loss of product mandates in inter-subsidiary competition from late 1960s. Closure following a disastrous corporate merger in mid-1980s.