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Original Articles

Comparison of various alkyl cyanoacrylates for fingerprint development

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Pages 1-22 | Received 18 Aug 2015, Accepted 24 May 2016, Published online: 16 Sep 2016
 

ABSTRACT

The ability of cyanoacrylates (CA) to develop fingerprints was first discovered in 1977. Since then, the cyanoacrylate fuming method has reached widespread use, becoming one of the primary techniques for processing fingerprints. It has, however, almost exclusively been limited to the use of ethyl cyanoacrylate, even though many other alkyl CAs could theoretically be used for this purpose, potentially with a higher efficacy. In order to examine the possibility, cyanoacrylate fuming methods for the processing of fingerprints were optimized for four different CAs: methyl, ethyl, n-butyl and 2-octyl. The development quality and sensitivity yielded by these CAs were then compared using depletion series of natural fingerprints deposited by six donors on three types of surfaces (glass, metal and plastic) and aged during three different periods of time (less than 24h, one week and one month). It was found that, on most age/surface pairs tested, butyl CA produced equivalent or even better results than ethyl CA. Scanning electron microscopy showed that ethyl and butyl CAs generally formed polymer microstructures that scatter light more effectively than methyl and octyl CAs, hence allowing higher visibility of prints processed with these cyanoacrylates.

RÉSUMÉ

La capacité des cyanoacrylates (CA) à révéler les empreintes digitales a été découverte en 1977. Depuis, la méthode de fumigation au cyanoacrylate a été largement utilisée, devenant l'une des principales techniques de traitement des empreintes digitales. Celle-ci s'est cependant presque exclusivement limitée à l'utilisation du cyanoacrylate d’éthyle. Pourtant, plusieurs autres CA d'alkyle pourraient théoriquement être utilisés à cette fin et potentiellement avec une plus grande efficacité. Afin d’étudier cette possibilité, la méthode de fumigation au CA pour le traitement des empreintes digitales a été optimisée pour quatre CA différents : méthyle, éthyle, n-butyle et 2-octyle. L'efficacité de ces CA pour la révélation d'empreintes a ensuite été comparée pour des séries de déplétions d'empreintes naturelles déposées par six donneurs. Trois types de surfaces (verre, métal et plastique) et trois temps de vieillissement (moins de 24h, une semaine et un mois) ont été testés. Pour la plupart des paires âge/surface, il a été observé que le CA de butyle produisait des résultats équivalents, ou même supérieurs, à ceux du CA d’éthyle. L'observation au microscope électronique à balayage a montré que les polymères des CA d’éthyle et de butyle formaient généralement des microstructures dispersant plus efficacement la lumière que les CA de méthyle et d'octyle, formant ainsi des empreintes plus visibles.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge Professors Emmanuel Milot and Frank Crispino for the advice they provided during this research, Mrs Amy Gignac for the material she graciously provided, as well as Mrs Agnès Lejeune for her help with the scanning electron microscopy. Our thanks are also extended to our laboratory co-workers for the numerous fingerprints they provided.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

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