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Articles

The use of a forensic blood substitute for impact pattern area of origin estimation via three trajectory analysis programs

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 58-66 | Published online: 25 May 2018
 

ABSTRACT

This study explores the use of forensic synthetic blood substitute (FBS) for impact pattern simulation and area of origin estimation. Ten impact patterns were created at a known origin using the FBS and were analyzed by groups of undergraduate students participating in a basic bloodstain pattern analysis course. The students selected 20 upward-moving stains from their given patterns to estimate an area of origin. Three linear trajectory models – BackTrack™, Hemospat, and Sherlock – were used to estimate each pattern's area of origin. Coordinate data from each model's analysis were compared with the known origin and between programs at the x-, y-, z-coordinates, and overall. Results from this analysis yielded estimates comparable to the known. A one-way ANOVA found no significant difference between programs at the x- (p = 0.79), y- (p = 0.84), z- (p = 0.96) coordinates, and overall (p = 0.81). These results support the practical use of the FBS as an alternative to whole blood for impact pattern simulations and area of origin estimation.

RÉSUMÉ

Cette étude analyse l'utilisation de substitut synthétique de sang forensique (FBS) lors de simulation de modèle d'impact et de l'estimation de l'aire d'origine. Dix modèles d'impact, dont l'origine est connue, ont été créés à partir du FBS. Ces modèles ont été analysés par un groupe d’étudiants du premier cycle qui participaient à un cours de base sur l'analyse des taches et projections de sang. Pour déterminer l'aire d'origine, les étudiants ont sélectionné 20 gouttes ayant un déplacement vers le haut dans leurs modèles d'impact. Trois logiciels d'analyse directionnelle – BackTrack™, Hemospat et Sherlock – ont été utilisés pour estimer l'aire d'origine de chaque modèle d'impact. Les valeurs des coordonnées x-, y-, z- obtenues pour chacun des logiciels ont été comparées entre elles, ainsi qu'aux valeurs des coordonnées connues du point d'origine. Cette analyse comparative a démontré que les résultats estimés obtenus sont comparables aux valeurs connues. L'analyse de la variance (ANOVA) n'a démontré aucune différence significative entre les logiciels aux coordonnées x- (p = 0.95), y- (p = 0.98), z- (p = 0.57) et globalement (p = 0.55). Ces résultats appuient l'utilisation du FBS comme alternative au sang total lors de simulations de modèles d'impact et de l'estimation de l'aire d'origine.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to the thank the undergraduate students in the forensic science program at Trent University in Peterborough, ON, who assisted in pattern analysis, as well as the Peterborough OPP Forensic Identification Unit for providing their facilities, and housing the impact device used in pattern creation.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

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