Genome size estimates for nine species of Gagea Salisb. (Liliaceae) from the Mediterranean region

Figures & data

Table 1. Source of studied material, with previously published information on chromosome number, ploidy level and chromosome size range of the same individuals.

Species	Section	Provenance	2n	Ploidy level	Chromosome size (μm)	Reference
Gagea chrysantha Schult. & Schult.f.	Didymobulbos	Italy, Sicily, Ficuzza	36	3x	2.10–5.70	Peruzzi (2008)
Gagea foliosa (C.Presl) Schult. & Schult.f.	Didymobulbos	Italy, Sicily, Madonie	36	3x	1.29–4.32	Peruzzi (2008)
Gagea granatellii (Parl.) Parl. 1	Didymobulbos	Italy, Sicily, Madonie	36	3x	1.34–4.14	Peruzzi (2008)
Gagea granatellii 2	Didymobulbos	Italy, Sardinia, Buddusò
Gagea lojaconoi Peruzzi 1	Didymobulbos	Italy, Calabria, Montalto Uffugo	36	3x	1.00–3.52	Peruzzi (2003) as G. chrysanhta
Gagea lojaconoi 2	Didymobulbos	Italy, Calabria, San Marco Argentano	36	3x	1.10–4.13	Peruzzi and Aquaro (2005) as G. chrysantha
Gagea cf. peduncularis (J.Presl & C.Presl) Pascher	Didymobulbos	Turkey, N of Kas	/	/	/	/
Gagea pratensis (Pers.) Dumort.	Gagea	France, M. de Lachens	60	5x	1.30–4.60	Peruzzi, Astuti, et al. (2009)
Gagea sicula Lojac.	Didymobulbos	Italy, Sicily, Ficuzza	24	2x	1.84–6.18	Peruzzi (2008)
Gagea soleirolii F.W.Schultz	Didymobulbos	Italy, Sardinia, M. Limbara	36	3x	1.1–5.9	Peruzzi (2012b)
Gagea tisoniana Peruzzi, Bartolucci, Frignani & Minut. 1	Gagea	Italy, Umbria, Monti Martani 1	24	2x	1.65–5.03	Peruzzi (2012b)
Gagea tisoniana 2	Gagea	Italy, Umbria, Monti Martani 2	24	2x	1.65–5.03	Peruzzi (2012b)
Gagea tisoniana 3	Gagea	Italy, Tuscany, Monte Vitalba	24	2x	1.65–5.03	Peruzzi (2012b)

Table 2. Genome size estimations in Gagea: present and previous data.

Species	2n (ploidy)	2C (pg) (CV%)	2C (Mbp)^a	1Cx ^b(pg)	Peak ratio^c	Standard^d	Source
Gagea algeriensis		17.35	16968			PMM	Leitch et al. (2007 under the name G. wilczekii)
G. bohemica		15.65 (1.6)	15309		0.658	V	Veselý et al. (2012)
G. chrysantha“G. chrysantha” (likely G. lojaconoi)	36 (3x)	20.21 (3.6)	19756	6.74	1.768	Ar	Present study
	/	18.17 (0.3)	17773	6.06	0.764	V	Veselý et al. (2012)
G. foliosa	36 (3x)	17.42 (3.2)	17037	5.81	1.524	Ar	Present study
G. granatellii 1	36 (3x)	23.54 (3.4)	22983	7.85	2.059	Ar	Present study
G. granatellii 2	/	20.44 (5.5)	19951	likely 6.81	1.789	Ar	Present study
G. lojaconoi 1	36 (3x)	18.94 (3.0)	18484	6.31	2.263	PEL	Present study
G. lojaconoi 2	36 (3x)	18.96 (4.1)	18582	6.32	1.659	Ar	Present study
G. lutea	72 (6x)	39.50^e	38631	6.58		Al	Greilhuber et al. (2000)
	72 (6x)	40.46^f	39570	6.74		Al	Greilhuber et al. (2000)
	/72 (6x)^g	39.63 (0.6)42.70 ± 0.60 (n = 22)	3875741761	7.12	1.665	VAam	Veselý et al. (2012)Zonneveld et al. (2015)
G. lutea var. glauca L.Klein	72 (6x)^g	42.30 ± 0.30 (n= 16)	41369	7.05		Aam	Zonneveld et al. (2015)
G. minima (L.) Ker Gawl.	24 (2x)^g	14.90 ± 0.60 (n = 2)	14572	7.45		Aat	Zonneveld et al. (2015)
G. cf. peduncularis	/	12.06 (1.1)	11834	/	1.055	Ar	Present study
G. pratensis	60 (5x)48 (4x)^g60 (5x)^g72 (6x)^g120 (10x)^g	39.45 (5.7)32.80 ± 0.40 (n = 30)39.90 ± 0.50 (n = 85)45.60 ± 1.10 (n = 20)75.80 ± 1.10 (n = 2)	3853332078390224459774132	7.898.207.987.607.58	3.451	ArAamAamAamAam	Present studyZonneveld et al. (2015)Zonneveld et al. (2015)Zonneveld et al. (2015)Zonneveld et al. (2015)
G. pusilla	/	12.48 (0.4)	12210		0.524	V	Veselý et al. (2012)
G. sicula	24 (2x)	18.31 (9.0)	17897	9.16	1.602	Ar	Present study
G. soleirolii	36 (3x)	18.49 (8.4)	18093	6.16	1.618	Ar	Present study
G. spathacea (Hayne) Salisb.	108 (9x)^g	46.70 ± 0.80 (n = 17)	45673	5.19		Aam	Zonneveld et al. (2015)
G. tisoniana 1	24 (2x)	14.24 (3.1)	13888	7.12	1.246	Ar	Present study
G. tisoniana 2	24 (2x)	14.07 (3.9)	13790	7.04	1.231	Ar	Present study
G. tisoniana 3	24 (2x)	14.25 (3.4)	13985	7.13	1.247	Ar	Present study
G. villosa (M.Bieb.) Sweet	24 (2x)^g48 (4x)^g	17.00 ± 0.40 (n = 14)32.30 ± 0.70 (n = 6)	1662631589	8.508.08		AatAat	Zonneveld et al. (2015)Zonneveld et al. (2015)
G. × pomeranica R. Ruthe^h	72 (6x)^g	46.80 ± 0.10 (n = 2)	45770	7.80		Aam	Zonneveld et al. (2015 under the name G. × megapolitana Henker)
G. × pomeranica R. Ruthe	60 (5x)^g	34.90 ± 0.60 (n = 11)	34132	6.98		Aam	Zonneveld et al. (2015)

^a 2C (Mbp) was calculated using the conversion factor 1pg DNA = 978 Mbp (Doležel et al. 2003). 2C (pg) was calculated for data from Veselý et al. (2012) using the same conversion factor.

^b 1Cx = monoploid genome size calculated according to Greilhuber et al. (2005).

^c Peak ratio = ratio of sample and standard peaks.

^d Standards: Al – Allium cepa L. ‘Frühstamm’ (2C = 33.50 pg, Greilhuber et al. 2000); Aam – Agave americana L. ‘Aureomarginata’ (2C = 15.90 pg, Zonneveld et al. 2015); Aat – Agave attenuata L. (2C = 8.00 pg, Zonneveld et al. 2015); Ar – Artemisia arborescens L. (2C = 11.43 pg); PEL – Pisum sativum L. ‘Long Express’ (2C = 8.37 pg); PMM – Pisum sativum L. ‘Minerva Maple’ (2C = 9.73 pg, Leitch et al. 2007); V – Vicia faba L. ‘Inivec’ (2C = 23272.88 Mbp, Veselý et al. 2012).

All values were obtained by flow cytometry with propidium iodide (FC:PI) except for G. lutea (^eFeulgen densitometry; ^fflow cytometry with ethidium bromide).

^g Ploidy levels and chromosome numbers not verified by chromosome counts checking, but only inferred based on available literature and flow cytometry.

^h Peterson et al. (2009), the parental species involved in the origin of G. × megapolitana Henker are G. lutea and G. pratensis, the same originating also G. × pomeranica R. Ruthe. According to Art. H.4 of the ICN (McNeill et al. 2012), the correct (earliest) legitimate name is G. × pomeranica.

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