Karyomorphological study of five Turkish endemic Rhaponticoides Vaill. (Asteraceae, Cardueae) species

Figures & data

Table 1. Studied species and localities.

Sample number	Species	Collection number	Locality
RH1	R. amasiensis	HD-3287-TU	Amasya; Abacı dağ, güney batı yamaçlar, vadi içi meşelik açıklıkları, 1000–1100 m, 27 July 2009
RH2	R. aytachii	AYS-139	Karaman, Sarıveliler, Dumlugöze köyü, 1150 m, 15 June 2012
RH3	R. hierroi	OT-5844-M.Vural	Antalya; Saklıkent yolu, Yazır köyü, 1138 m, 15 July 2009.
RH4	R. iconiensis	OT-4932-KE-M.Vural	Konya; Bozkır-Seydişehir arası, Ortakarören, 1177 m, 4 July 2007.
RH5	R. phytiae	MA-3965	İzmit, Karamürsel, Suludere-Safiye arası, Safiye Köyü Girişi, 476 m, 40°39′02.66″N, 29°38′25.51″E, 1 July 2013

Table 2. Karyotype formula according to Levan et al. (1964).

Sample number	Species	2n	x	PL	R SC-LC (μm)	R- LC / SC	p(μm) mean (±SD)	q(μm) mean (±SD)	CL(μm) Mean (±SD)	TCL	CI Mean (±SD)	CF
RH1	R. amasiensis	30	15	2x	0.87–1.35	1.55	0.44 (±0.07)	0.62 (±0,08)	1.07 (±0.13)	16.005	41 (±0.04)	26m + 4sm
RH2	R. aytachii	30	15	2x	0.94–1.55	1.642	0.52 (±0.06)	0.70 (±0,14)	1.22 (±0.17)	18.253	43 (±0.04)	26m + 4sm
RH3	R. hierroi	30	15	2x	0.97–1.62	1.68	0.50 (±0.08)	0.68 (±0.12)	1.18 (±0.18)	17.73	43 (±0.04)	26m + 4sm
RH4	R. iconiensis	30	15	2x	0.65–1.54	2.358	0,47 (±0.10)	0.63 (±0.14)	1.10 (±0.23)	16.499	43 (±0.03)	28m + 2sm
RH5	R. phytiae	30	15	2x	0.77–1.42	1.844	0.47 (±0.07)	0.61 (±0.11)	1.08 (±0.16)	16.17	44 (±0.04)	26m + 4sm

Abbreviations: PL: ploidy level; R: range; SC: shortest chromosome length; LC: longest chromosome length; p: mean length of the short arm; q: mean length of the long arm; CL: mean chromosome length; TCL: total haploid complement length; CI: mean centromeric index; CF: chromosome formula; m: metacentric; sm: submetacentric.

Table 3. Asymmetry indices of Rhaponticoides species.

Sample number	Species	A1	A2	CVCL	CVCI	AI	DI	Stebbins
RH1	R. amasiensis	0.286	0.122	12.19	8.782	1.07	5.106	3A
RH2	R. aytachii	0.24	0.138	13.831	10.121	1.4	6.124	3A
RH3	R. hierroi	0.251	0.149	14.941	8.887	1.328	6.303	4A
RH4	R. iconiensis	0.234	0.21	20.992	7.969	1.673	8.514	4B
RH5	R. phytiae	0.212	0.147	14.745	8.562	1.262	6.131	4A

Abbreviations: A₁: intrachromosomal asymmetry index; A₂: interchromosomal asymmetry index; CV_CL: coefficient of variation of chromosome length; CV_CI: coefficient of variation of centromeric index; AI: karyotype asymmetry index; DI: dispersion index; Stebbins Stebbins classification (1971).

Figure 1. Somatic chromosomes of studied species belonging to the genus Rhaponticoides. (A) R. amasiensis; (B) R. aytachii; (C) R. hierroi; (D) R. iconiensis; (E) R. phytiae. Scale = 10 μm.

Figure 2. Idiograms of the studied taxa. (A) R. amasiensis; (B) R. aytachii; (C) R. hierroi; (D) R. iconiensis; (E) R. phytiae.

Figure 3. Karyograms of the studied taxa. (A) R. amasiensis; (B) R. aytachii; (C) R. hierroi; (D) R. iconiensis; (E) R. phytiae.